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Bocchi, E.A., Braga, F.G., Ferreira, S.M., Rohde, L.E., Oliveira, W.A., Almeida, D.R., Moreira, M.C., Bestetti, R.B., Bordignon, S., Azevedo, C., Tinoco, E.M., Rocha, R.M., Issa, V.S., Ferraz, A. and Cruz, F. (2009) Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. III Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Cr?nica. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 93, 1-71.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: The Prevalence and Outcomes of Influenza Virus Infection in Heart Failure Patients in Brazil: Influenza Infection in Heart Failure

  AUTHORS: Henrique Godoy, Juliana Soares, Paula Zanellatto Neves, N.C.J. Bellei, Dirceu R. Almeida

  KEYWORDS: Influenza Virus, Heart Failure, Epidemiology

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Infectious Diseases, Vol.5 No.3, September 2, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Background: Respiratory tract infections were associated with acute exacerbations of heart failure (HF). However, the role of the influenza virus, a major agent of such infections, in this population remained unclear. Method: During the influenza virus seasons of 2013 and 2014 we prospectively assessed influenza respiratory illnesses in a cohort of adults primarily hospitalized for management of acute decompensated HF and a cohort of HF outpatients. Qualitative RT-PCR forinfluenzaA (A/H1, A/H12009pdm, A/H3) and B virus testing was performed on nasopharyngeal swab samples. Result: A total of 121 patients were included, 58.3% males (n= 70), mean age 57.7 years old (±14.0), mean left ejection fraction 35.3 (±9.8). Of these, 50.4% were inpatients (n= 61). The prevalence of symptoms of respiratory infections was 28.0% (n= 34) and 4.9% (n= 6) of all samples were positive for influenza virus. Only influenza A was detected and all cases were among inpatients. Influenza-positive patients had a greater need for antimicrobials (83.3%,n= 5; 16.3%,n= 9;p= 0.001) and for mechanical ventilation (50.0%,n= 3; 3.6%,n= 2;pp= 0.16). Conclusion:Although not common, the influenza virus infection resulted in worst outcomes, with a greater need for antimicrobials and mechanical ventilation. Immunization and antiviral treatment in high risk patients may positively impact their outcomes.