TITLE:
Brain Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can They Tell Us in the Absence of Behavioral Differences?
AUTHORS:
Jodi M. Gilman, James M. Bjork, Timothy E. Wilens
KEYWORDS:
fMRI, Neuroimaging, Normative Behavior, Normative Performance, Neural Efficiency, Prognostic Biomarker
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science,
Vol.5 No.8,
July
28,
2015
ABSTRACT: This is a commentary on the often-observed phenomenon of observing task-based brain signaling differences between clinical populations and healthy control participants in the absence of any behavioral decrements in the clinical group. We offer several explanations for why brain-based differences amid normative performance may be of interest to researchers and clinicians. First, neural processing in the clinical group may not be as efficient as that in the control group. Second, differences in activation could reveal important differences in the cognition behind the (normative) behavior. Third, differences in activation may be prognostic biomarkers of injury or decline. In addition, we contend that similar behavior between groups is important in properly interpreting brain data. Finally, we offer caveats and future directions to further clarify brain mechanisms underlying behavior in clinical populations.