TITLE:
Analisys of Immunohistochemical Prognostic Markers in Canine Mammary Cancer and Its Relation to Postsurgical Survival
AUTHORS:
Francisco Pedraza-Ordoñez, Luis Mauricio Montoya-Florez, Camilo Bulla, Noeme Sousa Rocha
KEYWORDS:
Celular Senescence, Prognostic Markers, Immunohistochemical, Mammary Cancer, Animal Model
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pathology,
Vol.5 No.3,
July
9,
2015
ABSTRACT: Background: Several animal models,
including dogs, have been useful to compare the pathogenesis of mammary
neoplasm in humans, showing biological parallelism in the growth and
development of breast cancer. The causes of cancer could be attributed to
change in several tumor suppressor genes. The relationship between molecule
associated to senescence and clinical prognosis of patients affected by mammary
cancer is little known. Beyond a collection of data, the major interest of the
present study was to carry out a clinical follow-up of patients affected by
these tumors, through association with new molecular markers by
immunohistochemical technic. Upon completing the study, 15 patients survived,
while 45 died. In the case of malignant neoplasms, 40 patients died because of
the illness. The type of surgery most used by veterinarian surgeons was the
simple lumpectomy, followed by the regional mastectomy. Sentinel node was
removed by surgery only when clearly affected. Result: Markings against steroid
hormones were positive. Regarding the markings against HER2 and Ki-67, they
were negative in all cases. The markings against P53 and CD31 were all
positives. Markings against molecules associated with cellular senescence were
all positives. No statistical differences were found in immunomarcation for the
different antigens used as clinical prognosis factors in mammary neoplasms.
Conclusions: According to the study conditions, the survival of patients
affected by breast tumors is directly related to diagnosis and malignancy
histological grade, but not to animal breed, number of affected glands or
patient reproductive status. On the other hand, immunohistochemical markings were
not related to the patient prognosis. For this reason, it is important to
highlight the persistance of a high percentage of mammary neoplasm cases
clinically diagnosed with poor results on patient survival. Thus, educating
owners and veterinarians for using diagnostic available tools to improve the
prognosis after surgical animals affected by breast cancer is quite necessary.