TITLE:
Reinforcement of Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive with Nano-Crystalline Cellulose (NCC): Curing Behavior and Bonding Property of Plywood
AUTHORS:
Zhenbo Liu, Yaolin Zhang, Xiangming Wang, Denis Rodrigue
KEYWORDS:
Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin (LPF), Nano-Crystalline Cellulose (NCC), Curing Behavior, Bonding Properties, Plywood
JOURNAL NAME:
Materials Sciences and Applications,
Vol.6 No.6,
June
26,
2015
ABSTRACT: The curing behavior of lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin with different contents of
nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different
heating rates (5, 10 and 20°C/min) and the bonding property was evaluated by the wet shear
strength and wood failure of two-ply plywood panels after soaking in water (48 hours at room
temperature and followed by 1-hour boiling). The test results indicated that the NCC content had
little influence on the peak temperature, activation energy and the total heat of reaction of LPF resin
at 5 and 10°C/min. But at 20°C/min, LPF0.00% (LPF resin without NCC) showed the highest total
heat of reaction, while LPF0.25% (LPF resin containing 0.25% NCC content) and LPF0.50%
(LPF resin containing 0.50% NCC content) gave the lowest value. The wet shear strength was affected
by the NCC content to a certain extent. With regard to the results of one-way analysis of variance,
the bonding quality could be improved by NCC and the optimum NCC content ranged from
0.25% to 0.50%. The wood failure was also affected by the NCC content, but the trend with respect
to NCC content was not clear.