TITLE:
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV among Children 6 to 59 Months in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo
AUTHORS:
Jeff Maotela Kabinda, Tony Shindano Akilimali, Ahuka Serge Miyanga, Philippe Donnen, Dramaix-Wilmet Michèle
KEYWORDS:
HBV, HCV, HIV, Child
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Pediatrics,
Vol.5 No.2,
June
16,
2015
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To determine the
prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among children 6 to 59 months and determine the
risk factors. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study on
children aged 6 to 59 months of community Maniema (DRC) conducted between 24
June and 24 July 2013. We enrolled 781 children aged 6 to 59 months. For association
between the presence of viral markers and potential risk factors the chi-square
test of Pearson was applied, the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence
intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. The Fisher exact test was used when the
conditions for application of the chi-square test of Pearson were not met.
Results: The median age of the children was 34 months, 51% of female children.
Ten percent of children had a history of blood transfusion; 6.6% and 64% had
fever and anemia. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.6%, the prevalence of
antibodies against hepatitis C was 2.8% and HIV was 3.7%. The risk factors were
HBsAg, male gender (5.5% male vs 2.0 % female; OR = 2.8(1.3 - 6.9) p = 0.001)
and urban areas (5.0% rural vs 0.5% urban, OR = 0.1 (0.01 - 0.72), p = 0.01).
For HCV and HIV, these factors were the history of blood transfusion in the
child and the mother. For HCV 7.6% of children with blood transfusion history;
OR = 3.2 (1.1 - 8.5); p = 0.05 and 11.1% history’s mother blood transfusion, OR
= 5.6 (2.1 - 14.1). For HIV 11.4% of children with blood transfusion history,
OR = 3.8, p = 0.005 and 9.8% history’s mother blood transfusion, OR = 2.9, p =
0.04. Conclusion: Vaccination against hepatitis B in children must be
widespread, educational messages to the population must target the risk factors
for these viruses. A screening of hepatitis in pregnant women must be coupled
with rigorous selection policy for blood donors before each donation and
qualification of any unit of blood.