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Kettele, B.H. and Boyd, G.E. (1947) The Exchange Adsorption of Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Organic Zeolites. IV. The Separation of the Yttrium Group Rare Earths. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69, 2800-2812.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Modeling Preparative Chromatographic Separation of Heavy Rare Earth Elements and Optimization of Thulium Purification

  AUTHORS: Mark Max-Hansen, Hans-Kristian Knutson, Christian Jönsson, Marcus Degerman, Bernt Nilsson

  KEYWORDS: Rare Earth Elements, Chromatography, Model Calibration, Optimization, Multi-Objective, HDEHP

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, Vol.5 No.5, April 29, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Rare Earth Elements are in growing demand globally. This paper presents a case study of applied mathematical modeling and multi objective optimization to optimize the separation of heavy Rare Earth Elements, Terbium-Lutetium, by means of preparative solid phase extraction chromatography, which means that an extraction ligand, HDEHP, is immobilized on a C18 silica phase, and nitric acid is used as an eluent. An ICP-MS was used for online detection of the Rare Earths. A methodology for calibration and optimization is presented, and applied to an industrially relevant mixture. Results show that Thulium is produced at 99% purity, with a productivity of 0.2 - 0.5 kg Tm per m3 stationary phase and second, with Yields from 74% to 99%.