TITLE:
Modeling Distribution of Selective Ions in Urban and Rural Areas Using Geographical Information System
AUTHORS:
Nezar H. Khdary, Ahmed E. Gasim, Muhammed E. Muriani, Ali A. Alshehrie
KEYWORDS:
Component, Nitrate, Nitrite, Chloride, Sulphate, Makkah, Well Water
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Water Resource and Protection,
Vol.7 No.6,
April
20,
2015
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the distributions of
selective ions in Makkah wells using GIS. The present study focuses on the
presence and accumulation of several ions in the ground water of Makkah City.
This study exhibits selected measurements of the levels and distribution of 4
ions (nitrate, nitrite, chloride and sulphate) in wells water using the
Geographical Information System (GIS). The study covered 27 areas of Makkah
City and its environs. Two layers were made using the Arc-Map program: the
first layer was called internal wells (Central Makkah, urban) and the second
layer was called external wells (rural). The total number of wells covered by
this study was 145, and the samples were collected in different seasons. The
samples were analyzed following standard procedures and compared with local and
international standards. The results showed that the relative abundance of the
major ions in the ground water was SO4 > Cl-1 > NO3 > NO2, with the presence of SO4 being dominant.