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Klibanov, A.L., Martynov, A.V., Slinkin, M.A., Sakharov, I.Y., Smirnov, M.D., Muzykantov, V.R., Danilov, S.M. and Torchilin, V.P. (1988) Blood Clearance of Radiolabeled Antibody: Enhancement by Lactosamination and Treatment with Biotin-Avidin or Anti-Mouse IgG Antibodies. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 29, 1951-1956.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Streptococcal Antibody Probe Crosses the Blood Brain Barrier and Interacts within the Basal Ganglia

  AUTHORS: Robyn Gebhard, Courtney Huff, Mathew Osborne, Lisa Riegle, Marie Kelly-Worden

  KEYWORDS: Blood Brain Barrier, Antibodies, Basal Ganglia, Streptococcus, Rat

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Pathology, Vol.5 No.2, April 1, 2015

  ABSTRACT: Within the brain, the basal ganglia (basal nuclei) regulates wanted movement and inhibits unwanted movement. This area of the brain is intertwined with capillary beds that bring nutrients to the brain and form the blood brain barrier. During disease state, antibodies are increased in circulation and movement of these antibodies into the basal ganglia can occur. Streptococcal infection can lead to the generation of antibodies that have autoimmune activity within the brain. These antibodies have been implicated in neurological disorders. In our laboratory, an in vitro study of a monoclonal mouse antibody generated against the class 1 epitope of the M6 protein has demonstrated binding within the basal ganglia of Lewis rat brains. Here we present an in vivo study using Lewis rats injected with either the streptococcal antibody or an anti-myosin positive control. The interaction and movement of the antibody from blood vessels into the tissues of the basal ganglia was determined through the use of immunofluorescence and fluorescent microscopy and is contrasted with IgG injected and uninjected controls. Our data demonstrates that the streptococcal antibody penetrates the blood brain barrier within 24 hours (as determined by the presence of immunofluorescence outside of blood vessels) and remains significantly elevated above control values even 72 hours after injection (p