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Keefer, D.K., Wilson, R.C., Mark, R.K., Brabb, E.E., Brown, W.M., Ellen, S.D., Harp, E.L., Wieczorek, G.F., Alger, C.S. and Zatkin, R.S. (1987) Real-Time Landslide Warning during Heavy Rainfall. Science, 238, 921-925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4829.921

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Real-Time Monitoring of Climactic and Geotechnical Variables during Landslides on the Slopes of Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira (São Paulo State, Brazil)

  AUTHORS: Rodolfo Moreda Mendes, Mário Valério Filho

  KEYWORDS: Landslides, Urban Area, Real-Time Monitoring, Analysis of Rainfall and Geotechnical Parameters

  JOURNAL NAME: Engineering, Vol.7 No.3, March 26, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The municipalities of Ubatuba, Campos do Jord?o, and S?o José dos Campos are located in the region of S?o Paulo State (Brazil). These municipalities are recognized nationally for having an elevated number of recorded landslides on slopes and embankments. In addition, these municipalities contain multiple areas that are at risk for landslides. Various soil landslides occurred in these municipalities in January 2013, when real-time climactic and geotechnical variables were monitored by automatic rain gauges, humidity sensors and soil temperature and suction devices. The resulting data were used to understand the functions of each variable in the occurrence of land- slides. Analyses of rainfall, humidity and soil temperature were used with field investigations to formulate a hypothesis regarding the predominant rupture mechanism and the role of each monitored variable in the deflagration of the soil landslides that occurred in the three studied municipalities. The geotechnical variable data revealed that both temperature and soil moisture contents played fundamental roles in the deflagration of shallow planar landslides in urban areas. The hourly rain intensity and/or rainfall accumulation for 24 and/or 72 h were responsible for the deflagration of the landslides that occurred in the studied areas, along with the existing anthropic constraints in the risk areas. Significant variations did not occur in the soil suction data during the landslides, principally due to the unsatisfactory sensor precision when reading field suction between –10 and–100 kPA (±25%).