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Adan, R.A., Szklarczyk, A.W., Oosterom, J., Brakkee, J.H., Nijenhuis, W.A., Schaaper, W.M., Meloen, R.H. and Gispen, W.H. (1999) Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat. European Journal of Pharmacology, 378, 249-258. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00465-3

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• TITLE: Antidepressant and cognitive activities of intranasal piperine-encapsulated liposomes

  AUTHORS: Aroonsri Priprem, Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert, Saengrawee Sutthiparinyanont, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn

  KEYWORDS: Piperine Liposome; Anti-Depression Activity; Cognitive Enhancement Effect; Intranasal Route

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.2 No.2, April 8, 2011

  ABSTRACT: Antidepressant and cognitive effects of piperine -encapsulated liposomes (PL) were investigated in male Wistar rats. Oral piperine (5 mg/kg body weight/day) and intranasal PL (7.2 µg/day) were randomly assigned to daily administer for 14 days to rats which were subjected to forced swimming, Mor-ris water maze and spontaneous motor behavior tests. PL significantly exhibited anti-depression like activity and cognitive enhancing effects, in comparison to the control groups after the first dose (p