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Bruck, W.M., Slater, J.W., and Carney, B.F. (2011) Chitin and Chitosan from Marine Organisms. In: Kim, S.K., Ed., Chitin, Chitosan, Oligosaccharides, and Their Derivatives: Biological Activities and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 11-24.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Direct Solid-State Fermentation of Soybean Processing Residues for the Production of Fungal Chitosan by Mucor rouxii

  AUTHORS: Andro Mondala, Ramea Al-Mubarak, James Atkinson, Shaun Shields, Brian Young, Yurguen Dos Santos Senger, Jan Pekarovic

  KEYWORDS: Solid-State Fermentation, Fungal Chitosan, Biopolymers, Bioconversion, Agro-Industrial Residues

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Vol.3 No.2, February 4, 2015

  ABSTRACT: The feasibility of utilizing soybean-processing residues such as soybean meal and hulls as substrates for chitosan production by the fungus Mucor rouxii ATCC 24905 via solid-state fermentation (SSF) was investigated. The effects of the type of soybean-based substrate, length of cultivation period, substrate moisture content, substrate pH, incubation temperature and extraction conditions on chitosan yield were determined. The results showed that a maximum fungal chitosan yield of up to 3.44% by dry substrate weight (34.4 g/kg) could be achieved using a pure soybean meal substrate with an initial moisture content of 50% (w/w) and pH of 5 - 6 incubated for six days at 25°C. A more severe heat treatment (autoclaving vs. refluxing) resulted in higher chitosan extraction yields regardless of the strength of extraction reagents. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the fungal chitosan revealed its degree of deacetylation (DDA) to be between 55% and 60%.