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Maas, A.H., van der Schouw, Y.T., Regitz-Zagrosek, V., Swahn, E., Appelman, Y.E., Pasterkamp, G., Ten Cate, H., Nilsson, P.M., Huisman, M.V., Stam, H.C., Eizema, K. and Stramba-Badiale, M. (2011) Red Alert for Women’s Heart: The Urgent Need for More Research and Knowledge on Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Proceedings of the Workshop Held in Brussels on Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease, 9 September 2010. European Heart Journal, 32, 1362-1368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr048

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Life before Myocardial Infarction—A Qualitative Study of Middle-Aged Women

  AUTHORS: Carina Wennerholm, Michaela Jern, Marja-Liisa Honkasalo, Tomas Faresjö

  KEYWORDS: Myocardial Infarction, Women, Risk Factors, Psychosocial Factors, Qualitative Research

  JOURNAL NAME: Health, Vol.6 No.20, December 11, 2014

  ABSTRACT: The health burden of myocardial infarction is rising for middle-aged women and they are underrepresented in research of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how life had been for middle-aged women before they suffered a myocardial infarction (MI). Through a health care register, we identified all women (n = 46) under 65 years of age in a defined region in southeast Sweden who had suffered an MI the past 2 years and a strategic selection of n = 16 women from these was made. These selected women were interviewed and their narratives were interpreted by qualitative content analysis. The qualitative interviews generated five general themes: “Serious life events”, “Negative affectivity”, “Loneliness”, “Being a good girl” and “Lack of control”. The interviews revealed that many of these women had been exposed to extreme and repeated traumatic life events in their lives. Many had a cynical attitude towards others, felt lonely and experienced a lack of social support. Many of these women endeavored to “be a good girl”, which was a special psychosocial phenomenon found. This study uncovered that these women before they suffered an MI were affected by a variety of psychosocial factors. The study stresses the importance of psychosocial risk factors in the assessment of middle-aged women’s risk profile for MI. A general conclusion for clinical practice is that in the assessment of the individual risk for myocardial infarction for middle-aged women, potential psychosocial factors might also be considered.