TITLE:
Electrochemical View of the Band Gap of Liquid Water for Any Solution
AUTHORS:
Alexander Shimkevich
KEYWORDS:
Liquid Water, Band Gap, Fermi Level, Hydroxonium Ion, Hydroxide Ion
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics,
Vol.4 No.4,
November
20,
2014
ABSTRACT: Studying liquid water in a frame of band theory shows that varying a
reduction-oxidation (RedOx) potential of aqueous solution can be identified as
shifting Fermi level in its band gap. This medium becomes the reductive one
when Fermi level is shifting to the conduction band due to populating
hydroxonium level (H3O+/ H3O) by electrons and
transforming water in a hypo-stoichiometric state, H2O1-│X│. Opposite in the
hyper-stoichiometric one H2O1+│X│ Fermi level is
shifting to the valence band due to populating hydroxide level OH/OH- by holes and the aqueous solution becomes the oxidative one. The energy
difference between these electronic levels is estimated of 1.75 eV. It is shown
that the standard half-reactions and the typical aqueous electrodes fix their
RedOx potential only by the electrons and holes populations ([H3O],[OH])
of these local electronic levels in the band gap of non-stoichiometric water in
the corresponding solutions.