TITLE:
Influences of protein to energy ratios in breakfast on mood, alertness and attention in the healthy undergraduate students
AUTHORS:
Yao-Chi Zeng, Shun-Min Li, Guo-Liang Xiong, Hui-Min Su, Jian-Cheng Wan
KEYWORDS:
Protein; Body Temperature; Mood; Alertness; Attention
JOURNAL NAME:
Health,
Vol.3 No.6,
June
22,
2011
ABSTRACT: Background: The high protein (HP) breakfast reduced gastric emptying and the most satiat-ing macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of protein to energy ratio in breakfast on mood, alertness and attention. Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether the HP breakfast is more beneficial to mood, alertness and attention of the healthy undergraduate student than adequate-protein (AP) breakfast through the rising body temperature and re-maining stable blood glucose or through other physiologic processes. Methods: Thirteen healthy male undergraduate students (18 - 23 y) were studied in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Blood samples, body tem-perature, satiety, mood and Continuous Per-formance Test (CPT) were assessed after the consumption of two isocaloric breakfasts that differed in their protein and carbohydrate con-tent: an HP breakfast (50%, 30%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, re-spectively) or an AP breakfast (10%, 70%, and 20% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively). Results: Consumption of an HP breakfast resulted in more steady glucose and insulin than AP breakfast consumption (p