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Ellis, H.L., Shioda, K., Rosenthal, N.F., Coser, K.R. and Shioda, T. (2012) Masculine Epigenetic Sex Marks of the CYP19A1/Aromatase Promoter in Genetically Male Chicken Embryonic Gonads Are Resistant to Estrogen-Induced Phenotypic Sex Conversion. Biology of Reproduction, 87, 1-12.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Problems of Birds Sex Determination

  AUTHORS: Antonina V. Trukhina, Aleksandr F. Smirnov

  KEYWORDS: Bird, Sex Determination, Epigenetics, Dosage Compensation

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.6 No.15, October 22, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Sex determination system in birds is characterized by a homo-(Neognatae) and heteromorphic (Paleognatae) sex chromosomes. Heterogametic sex is female (ZZ/ZW system). DMRT1 gene is a gene regarded as a main male sex determining factor in this group of animals. The question remains about the participation of other factors (HEMOGEN, AMH etc.) in appearance of testis, and the role of steroid hormones in formation of ovaries. Complete sex inversion is not typical for species with genotypic sex determination (GSD), although the effect of estrogen metabolites is noted for birds. For birds epigenetic mechanisms of regulation (methylation of DNA and non-coding RNA) have been described for sex controlling genes such as CYP19A1 and DMRT1.