TITLE:
Nano-Sized Elements in Electrochemical Biosensors
AUTHORS:
Joanna Cabaj, Jadwiga Sołoducho
KEYWORDS:
Enzymes, Immobilization, Nanobiosensors, Nanoparticles
JOURNAL NAME:
Materials Sciences and Applications,
Vol.5 No.10,
August
29,
2014
ABSTRACT: The emerging nanotechnology
has opened novel opportunities to explore analytical applications of the
fabricated nano-sized materials. Recent advances in nano-biotechnology have
made it possible to realize a variety of enzyme electrodes suitable for sensing
application. In coating miniaturized electrodes with biocatalysts, undoubtedly
the most of the potential deposition processes suffer from the difficulty in
depositing process and reproducible coatings of the active enzyme on the
miniature transducer element. The promising prospects can concern to the
obtaining of thin protein layers by using, i.e.
electrochemical deposition, electrophoretic deposition as well as monolayer
methods (Langmuir-Blodgett procedure, Layer-by-Layer—LbL). Many aspects dealing with deposition of enzyme by techniques
employing electric field are considered, including surface charge of enzyme, and
its migration under applied electric filed. The using of nanoscale materials (i.e. nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods)
for electrochemical biosensing has seen also explosive increase in recent years
following the discovery of nanotubes. These structures offer a promise in the
development of biosensing, facilitating the great improvement of the
selectivity and sensitivity of the current methods. Finally, the perspectives
in the further exploration of nanoscaled sensors are discussed.