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T. Sturniolo, E. Bono, J. Ding, L. Raddrizzani, O. Tuereci, U. Sahin, M. Braxenthaler, F. Gallazzi, M. P. Protti, F. Sinigaglia and J. Hammer, “Generation of Tissue-Specific and Promiscuous HLA Ligand Databases Using DNA Microarrays and Virtual HLA Class II Matrices,” Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, June 1999, pp. 555-561. doi:10.1038/9858

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Improving in Silico Prediction of Epitope Vaccine Candidates by Union and Intersection of Single Predictors

  AUTHORS: Ivan Dimitrov, Darren R. Flower, Irini Doytchinova

  KEYWORDS: MHC Class II Binders, T-cell Epitopes, HLA-DRB1 Alelles

  JOURNAL NAME: World Journal of Vaccines, Vol.1 No.2, May 5, 2011

  ABSTRACT: The in silico prediction of peptide binding affinities to MHC proteins is a very important first step in the process of epi-tope-based vaccine design and development. Five MHC class II binding prediction servers were combined in different ways and the resulting performance of these combinations was evaluated using a test set, which consisted of 4540 known HLA-DRB1 binders. The five servers were: NetMHCIIpan, NetMHCII, ProPred, RANKPEP, and EpiTOP. The top 5% of the ranked predictions from each server were combined using union and intersection operators. The outputs were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The union operator showed high sensitivity (65-79%) and low PPVs (6-8%), while intersection outputs had low sensitivities (4-41%) yet significantly higher PPVs (14-31%). Thus there is a defining trade-off between sensitivity and PPV for each combination. The union of outputs from different servers brings more “noise” than “signal” to the resulting set of predicted binders. Conversely, selecting only commonly predicted binders increases the probability that an identified binder is a true binder.