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Cade, R.J., Privette, R.M., Fregly, M., Rowland, N., Sun, Z., Zele, V., et al. (2000) Autism and Schizophrenia: Intestinal Disorders. Nutritional Neuroscience, 3, 57-72.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Peptides and Exorphins in the Autism Spectrum

  AUTHORS: Dag Tveiten, Adrian Finvold, Marthe Andersson, Karl L. Reichelt

  KEYWORDS: Autism, Behavior, Diet, Exorphins, Mass-Spectrometry, Peptides

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Psychiatry, Vol.4 No.3, July 24, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Problem: Some researchers have not found the opioids in urine of autistic children. We have therefore looked at this problem again. Method: Mass spectrometry and fragmentation mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been carried out on peaks from the HPLC that show co-chromatography with synthetic standards and peaks that are shared by different autistic children. Results: In quickly frozen urine we find the presence of exorphins, and can also demonstrate a rather fast break down at room temperature of these peptides in urine. Conclusion: Exorphins are present in urine in autistic children, but must be protected against break down and aggregation by fast freezing or acetic acid and adjusting declustering potential and collision potential during mass-spectroscopy. Specific antibody increases and the effect of removing precursor proteins from the diet reinforce this view.