TITLE:
Analysis of South Hemisphere Temperature Anomalies over the Last Millennium up to the Beginning of the Contemporary Age: A Comparison between a Statistical Model and a Global Dynamic Model
AUTHORS:
Gabriela V. Müller, Cintia R. Repinaldo
KEYWORDS:
Temperature Reconstruction, Climate Models, Solar Forcing, MCA, LIA
JOURNAL NAME:
American Journal of Climate Change,
Vol.3 No.2,
June
25,
2014
ABSTRACT: We
analyze the consistency of the coupled atmosphere-ocean GISS-ER climate model
in reproducing South American temperature anomalies over the last millennium.
For that purpose, we compare the model results with the Neukom’s temperature
anomaly reconstruction provided by a statistical model that uses multiproxy
data and climatological temperature anomalies. Specifically, we examine
temperature anomalies for summer and winter of a 6-member ensemble of the
GISS-ER model with 1× solar forcing and 2× solar forcing, calculated for the
period 1000-1899. Using the Neukom’s reconstructions and the model outputs, we
calculate the summer mean anomalies of the period 1001-1700 (a period that
includes Medieval Climate Anomaly -MCA- and Little Ice Age -LIA-), and winter
mean anomalies of the period 1706-1800 (a period that includes the
pre-industrial period). These mean anomalies are subtracted from Neukom’s
reconstructions defining the reconstructions wrt 1001-1700 (summer) and wrt
1706-1800 (summer and winter). In general, the model is not very consistent
with the reconstructions, since the model’s mean and spread show very small
interannual variability in contrast to what the reconstructions exhibit, and
often with anomalies of opposite sign. In the period 1001-1700, the model
presents, on average, negative temperature anomalies for the 1× and 2× forcing.
In the period 1706-1800, the model displays positive anomalies for summer and
negative anomalies for winter for the 1× and 2× forcing. In particular, the
anomaly that better reproduces the sign of the reconstructions is that wrt
1001-1700 with 1× forcing and for summer. The model has an error of only 33% in
reproducing the sign of the anomalies, in comparison to the Neukom’s
reconstruction for the same reference period. The model’s anomaly wrt 1001-1700
with 1× forcing for summer also reproduces the MCA and LIA’s sign of the
reconstruction. The MCA’s sign is reproduced in almost 75% of the comparisons,
and the LIA’s sign in more than 73% of the comparisons with the reconstruction,
indicating that the model can represent this important anomalies.