TITLE:
Evaluation of 20 Macro and Trace Mineral Concentrations in Commercial Goat Milk Yogurt and Its Cow Milk Counterpart
AUTHORS:
Karen Hernandez, Young W. Park
KEYWORDS:
Macro, Trace, Minerals, Yogurt, Goat Milk
JOURNAL NAME:
Food and Nutrition Sciences,
Vol.5 No.10,
April
30,
2014
ABSTRACT: Concentrations of 20
different minerals in commercial goat milk yogurt (CGY) and its cow milk yogurt
(CCY) counterpart were evaluated in reference to goat milk yogurt manufactured
from Fort Valley State University (FVGY), Fort Valley, GA, USA. Three different
lots of CGY and CCY each were purchased from local retail stores at Warner
Robins, GA, and 3 batches of FVGY were made using goat milk from the University
milking herd. All 3 types of experimental yogurts were stored at 4°C
refrigerator for 4 weeks. Twenty major and trace minerals
were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emissions Spectrometer
(Thermo Jarrel Ash Enviro 36, Worchester, MA), using argon as the carrier gas
and the EPA method 6010. Total solids (TS) content (%) of FVGY, CGY and CCY
products were 11.03, 13.1 and 11.3, respectively, indicating CGY had higher TS
than the CCY and FVGY yogurt. Respective mean mineral concentrations (ppm, wet
basis) of FVGY, CGY and CCY were: Ca 1057, 1162, 1160; P 838, 974, 929; K 1327,
1717, 1208; Mg 102, 133, 113; Na 545, 449, 475; Fe 4.28, 3.33, 2.11; Mn 0.24,
0.19, 0.13; Cu 10.5, 9.85, 7.22; Zn 17.5, 11.7, 11.8. Levels of all macro
minerals except potassium were higher in commercial goat and cow yogurts than
FVGY, which may be due to the higher TS contents. FVGY had higher Fe, Mn, Cu
and Zn than both commercial products. The heavy metal (Pb, Cd and Ni) contents (ppm)
appeared to be normal range, while Al contents of FVGY, CGY and CCY were 11.9,
8.66 and 7.65, respectively, which were higher than those of Pb, Cd and Ni.
Both commercial products contained higher major mineral contents than the
university yogurt, which might be attributable to the differences in diet,
breed, and stage of lactation of milking animals, as well as the tapioca
additive used in the commercial products.