TITLE:
String Theory with Oscillating Space-Time Dimension Number
AUTHORS:
Ding-Yu Chung
KEYWORDS:
String Theory, Dimension Number Oscillation, Cosmology, Dual Universe, Big Bang, Inflation, Cyclic Universe, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Baryonic Matter, Force Fields
JOURNAL NAME:
Journal of Modern Physics,
Vol.5 No.6,
April
28,
2014
ABSTRACT: In
conventional string theory with fixed space-time dimension number, the extra
space dimensions are compactized. In string theory with oscillating space-time
dimension number, dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between
10D and 4D reversibly, and there is no compactization. Dimension number
decreases with decreasing speed of light and increasing rest mass. The 4D
particle has the lowest speed of light and the highest rest mass. The two
different oscillations between 10D and 4D are the stepwise oscillation passing
through every dimension number and the direct oscillation oscillating directly
between 10D and 4D without the intermediate dimension numbers. Dark energy
represents the stepwise oscillation, and dark energy becomes observable only
when it has 4D space-time. 4D baryonic
matter and 4D dark matter represent the direct oscillation directly from 10D to
4D. Our universe is the dual cyclic universe of the dark energy universe and
the baryonic-dark matter universe. The Big Bang in the baryonicdark
matter universe produced irreversible kinetic energy that stopped the
reversible direct oscillation. The reversible direct oscillation will resume
after the Big Crush to remove irreversible kinetic energy. Our cyclic universe
started from the zero-energy universe through the four-stage transformation. The
theoretical calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic
matter are 68.3, 26.4, and 5.3, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.3,
26.8, and 4.9, respectively. According to the calculation, dark energy started
in 4.28 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 ± 0.98 billion
years ago.