TITLE:
Associations of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Framingham Cardiovascular Risk with Diabetic Retinopathy in African Type 2 Diabetics
AUTHORS:
Benjamin Longo-Mbenza, Moise Mvitu Muaka, Thierry Gombet, Igor Longo Phemba, Stephen Cook, Emmanuel Mve Mengome
KEYWORDS:
Diabetic Retinopathy, Visual Disability, Higher High Density Lipoprotein, Smoking, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, Africans
JOURNAL NAME:
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
Vol.4 No.4,
April
25,
2014
ABSTRACT: Objectives: To assess the associations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Framingham cardiovascular (CVD) with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A cross-sectional study of random sample of 200 T2DM Central Africans. Sociobiographical, laboratory and eye examination main outcome measures were investigated using Tertiles of HDL-C (stratification = lowest 10% were the significant independent determinants for DR. In the highest HDL-C group, smoking status and 10-year Framingham risk ≥ 10% were the significantly independent determinants for DR. In 10-year Framingham risk ≥ 10% group, smoking status, insulin resistance and increasing levels of HDL-C were the significantly independent determinants for DR. Conclusion: DR and VD remain a public health problem in T2DM Central Africans. Some Central Africans with DR and VD appear to have higher HDL-C than T2DM Central Africans without DR and VD. HDL-C in T2DM patients with DR, may be tightly controlled by genetic factors (black Bantu ethnicity) than the other lipoproteins as reported among Indians, African-Americans, and Japanese individuals. The most preventable environmental risk factors for DR were smoking status, global cardiovascular disease risk, insulin resistance and oxidative stress.