TITLE:
Approach to Epidemiological Mechanism of Infection or Colonization of Egg-Laying Chicken Farms by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis (SE) Becoming the Main Source of Contamination in Food Poisoning (Review)
AUTHORS:
Yukiko Toyota-Hanatani, Yushi Nakagawa, Toshimitsu Hatabu, Yuko Miyao, Hiroaki Ohta
KEYWORDS:
Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis (SE), Epidemiological Role, Mouse, Outbreaks
JOURNAL NAME:
International Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Vol.5 No.7,
April
14,
2014
ABSTRACT: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE)-induced diarrhea
in humans is the typical non-typhoid diarrhea. It develops acutely or
subacutely and may be fatal. This SE infectious disease suddenly became a major
public health issue worldwide in the 1980s. The main causative food material of
SE food poisoning is chicken eggs, and many outbreaks of food poisoning caused
by chicken eggs occurred throughout the world. SE epidemics occurred in layer
farms, and this was the main cause of SE-induced food poisoning in humans. The
major subject of our epidemiological study described in this report is why
SE-contaminated eggs became the main causative food. In this study, we focused
on difference of molecular expression for farm-isolated SEs. That is because
recent studies have demonstrated that O-antigen enlargement may be related to
pathogenicity in mice as well as 22-kDa polypeptide-expression (SEp22). We have
discovered that many SE strains isolated from chicken farms do not express
SEp22, and a deficiency or decreased level of cellular antigen 0-12 in SE
strains isolated from chicken farms was clarified in a report. Additionally,
SEp22 was deficient in SE strains passaged through chickens, whereas SEp22 was
expressed at a high level in SE strains passaged through mice. These findings
suggest that SE infection and retention more effectively occur in layer farms
than in other animal maintenance environments, which may be a basis of the
epidemiological hypothesis to explain the high-levelproduction of
SE-contaminated eggs (the presence of mice may be the basis of the retention of
SE infection in layer farms, and this may also be the mechanism causing the
high-level production of SE-contaminated eggs).