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Arner, E., Westermark, P., Spalding, K.L., Britton, T., Ryden, M., Frisen, J., Bernard, S. and Arner, P. (2010) Adipocyte Turnover: Relevance to Human Adipose Tissue Morphology. Diabetes, 59, 105-109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-0942

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• TITLE: General Theory of Body Contouring: 1. Processes of Quick and Slow Modulation of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue

  AUTHORS: Ilja L. Kruglikov

  KEYWORDS: Body Contouring; Characteristic Reaction Time; Subcutaneous Fat Tissue; Volume Modulation; Hyaluronan

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol.4 No.2, March 28, 2014

  ABSTRACT: It is shown that modulation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) volume after application of different physical factors in body contouring procedures cannot be characterized by a single physiological reaction with dispersed reaction times, supposing that several different dynamic processes with different characteristic reaction times must be involved. Quick modulation of sWAT with characteristic times of 103 - 105 s must be connected with such processes as hyaluronan production and consequent water retention in the tissue, as well as with reversible modulation of its mechanical properties. It is supposed that slow processes with characteristic times of up to 3 × 106 s can be caused by modulation of lipolytic activity of adipocytes through changesin their micro-environment or through their transdifferentiation, as well as through death and removal of adipocytes from sWAT.