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Esposito, L.W., Cuzzi, J.N., Holberg, J.B., Marouf, E.A., Tyler, G.L. and Porco, C.C. (1984) Saturn’s rings: Structure, dynamics, and particle properties. Saturn, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 463-545.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Gravitational transformation of gaseous clouds: The formation of spiral galaxies and disk planets

  AUTHORS: Andrei Pavlov

  KEYWORDS: Gravitation; Planets; Saturn’s Rings; Computer Simulation; Planet’s Interior Structure; Formation of Galaxies; Spiral Galaxies; N-Body Simulations

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Science, Vol.6 No.4, February 28, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Gravitation is one of the central forces playing an important role in formation of natural systems like galaxies and planets. Gravitational forces between particles of a gaseous cloud transform the cloud into spherical shells and disks of higher density during gravitational contraction. The density can reach that of a solid body. The theoretical model was tested to model the formation of a spiral galaxy and Saturn. The formations of a spiral galaxy and Saturn and its disk are simulated using a novel N-body self-gravitational model. It is demonstrated that the formation of the spirals of the galaxy and disk of the planet is the result of gravitational contraction of a slowly rotated particle cloud that has a shape of slightly deformed sphere for Saturn and ellipsoid for the spiral galaxy. For Saturn, the sphere was flattened by a coefficient of 0.8 along the axis of rotation. During the gravitational contraction, the major part of the cloud transformed into a planet and a minor part transformed into a disk. The thin structured disk is a result of the electromagnetic interaction in which the magnetic forces acting on charged particles of the cloud originate from the core of the planet.