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Kusumanto, Y.H., van Weel, V., Mulder, N.H., Smit, A.J., van den Dungen, J.J., Hooymans, J.M., Sluiter, W.J., Tio, R.A., Quax, P.H., Gans, R.O., Dullaart, R.P. and Hospers, G.A. (2006) Treatment with intramuscular vascular endothelial growth factor gene compared with placebo for patients with diabetes mellitus and critical limb ischemia: A double-blind randomized trial. Human Gene Therapy, 17, 683-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hum.2006.17.683

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• TITLE: Critical appraisal of stem cell therapy in peripheral arterial disease: Do current scientific breakthroughs offer true promise or false hope?

  AUTHORS: Sherif Sultan, Niamh Hynes

  KEYWORDS: Peripheral Arterial Disease; Stem Cell Therapy; Therapeutic Angiogenesis

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Vol.7 No.2, February 19, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Over the last forty years in the field of peripheral arterial disease, there has been a plethora of research into cell-based therapies for tissue repair, regeneration and angiogenesis, progressing from protein-based therapies to gene therapies to stem cell research. Initial pre-clinical research successes have given birth to a whole industry, aimed at translating these laboratory hopes into clinical successes. However, heretofore these expected clinical results have failed to materialize, in part due to the lack of attention to the ischaemic desert like tissue and systemically diseased patient into which the stem cells are being implanted. Unsatisfactory clinical outcomes on the treatment of Critical Limb Ischaemia (CLI) have forced researchers to direct their efforts to the less intimidating challenge of claudication and to lower their clinical outcome thresholds from superior to “non-inferior”. Major questions on safety and durability have also arisen. What needs to be objectively established is the impact on the net health outcome of these therapies. Infusion or injection for stem cell therapy is still considered experimental and investigational. In this review we examine the clinical evidence for angiogenic therapies, focusing specifically on stem cell trials, in an attempt to answer the question “Is stem cell therapy a failed experiment or will there be light at the end of the tunnel?”