TITLE:
Water and Energy Footprint Assessment of Bottled Water Industries in India
AUTHORS:
Shalini A. Tandon, Niranjan Kolekar, Rakesh Kumar
KEYWORDS:
Bottled Water; Water Footprint; Energy Footprint; PET
JOURNAL NAME:
Natural Resources,
Vol.5 No.2,
February
14,
2014
ABSTRACT: Assessment of water and energy footprint for eight bottled water industries was carried out. The investigation showed that one litre of bottled water has a water footprint of 17.41 litres and energy footprint of 7.08 MJ. Water consumption by the industry comprises 61% during material production, 17% in processes, 16% in energy and only 6% in the actual product. Hence, maximum consumption of water is in material production, while the processes required a smaller fraction of the total water and energy consumed. Therefore, water footprint can be reduced through optimization of water consumption in material production.