TITLE:
Heck Reactions with Ultralow Concentration of Transition Metals under Microwave Irradiation
AUTHORS:
Hongjun Wang, Haiyang Cheng, Fengyu Zhao
KEYWORDS:
Heck Reaction; Microwave Irradiation; Ultralow Concentration; Transition Metal Catalysts; Water
JOURNAL NAME:
Green and Sustainable Chemistry,
Vol.4 No.1,
January
27,
2014
ABSTRACT: The Heck coupling reactions of aryl halides and olefins were performed under the microwave assistance. Interestingly, the ultralow concentration of transition metals (in ppb) coming from the reactants could catalyze the Heck coupling reactions under microwave irradiation, without addition of any catalysts, ligands and phase-transfer agents. The influences of bases, solvents and temperature were discussed, and the reaction rate was enhanced largely in the mixed solvents of NMP and water due to the solubility of base in water.