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Avicenna (2009). The physics of the healing, Books I & II, a parallel English-Arabic text, translated, introduced and annotated by Jon McGinnis. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Individual Essences in Avicenna’s Metaphysics

  AUTHORS: Muhammad Kamal

  KEYWORDS: Essence; Existence; Form; Matter; Substance; Universal; Particular; Individual Essence; Necessary Existence; Possible Existents and Metaphysics

  JOURNAL NAME: Open Journal of Philosophy, Vol.4 No.1, January 26, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Central to Aristotle’s metaphysics is the question of individuality. The individuality of each substance is explained in relation to “matter” because the “form” is universal. Avicenna, as one of the Aristotelian Neoplatonist philosophers, is not content with this explanation and proposes to establish individuality on other grounds. In this paper, I argue that in his perspective it is not the “matter” which determines individuality but rather the principle of existence.