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Szmuness, W., Stevens, C.E., Harley, E.J., Zang, E.A., Oleszko, W.R., William, D.C., Sadovsky, R., Morrison, J.M. and Kellner, A. (1980) Hepatitis B vaccine: Demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in. The New England Journal of Medicine, 303, 833-841.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198010093031501

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Cost effective filamentous phage based immunization nanoparticles displaying a full-length hepatitis B virus surface antigen

  AUTHORS: Bertan Koray Balcioglu, Aylin Ozdemir-Bahadir, Duygu Hinc, Candan Tamerler, Berrin Erdag

  KEYWORDS: Phage Display; Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen; Protein Expression; Phage Immunization; Nano Vector System

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, Vol.5 No.1, January 15, 2014

  ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In combating HBV infections, HBV diagnosis and vaccination are therefore critical. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is a key target molecule in developing vaccines and diagnostic systems. To date, although HBsAg has been expressed in bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells, there are still limitations in the existing ones, which leave the necessity for searching new HBsAg production methods. In this study, a simple phage display-based method was developed to produce the purified full-length HBsAg molecules for further immunization studies. For this purpose, the HBsAg coding gene was cloned into a pCANTAB5E phagemid vector and expressed on the surface of M13 filamentous phages. The HBsAg-expressing phage nanosystem was then used as immunization agent in BALB/cJ mice. The ELISA results for sera obtained from mice immunized with HBsAg-displaying phage particles revealed an immune response against HBsAg. These results demonstrate the potential use of a full-length antigen to be displayed on phages as cost effective adjuvant-free immunization agents as an alternative to the highly purified and more expensive antigens conjugated with carrier molecules.