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Ruiz Irastorza, G., Espinosa, G., Frutos, M.A., Jimenez Alonso, J., Praga, M., Pallares, L., Rivera, F., Robles Marhuenda, A., Segarra, A. and Quereda, C. (2012) Diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis. Consensus document from the systemic auto-immune disease group (GEAS) of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and Spanish Society of Nephrology (S.E.N.). Nefrologia, 32, 1-35.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Acute renal failure secondary to lupus nephritis confirmed by renal biopsy with an unusually normal immunological profile

  AUTHORS: Zhigang Liu, Andrew Ofosu, Richard Williams, Navdeep Grewal

  KEYWORDS: Lupus Nephritis; Anti-Ds DNA; C3, C4; Immunological Profile

  JOURNAL NAME: Case Reports in Clinical Medicine, Vol.3 No.1, January 13, 2014

  ABSTRACT: The gold standard to diagnose the lupus nephritis is the renal biopsy. It provides information not only for diagnosis but also for the treatment plan and the prognosis. Laboratory studies, including the immunological profile, play an essential role in diagnosing and evaluating the lupus nephritis activity. The patient is unlikely to have the active lupus nephritis with the combination of anti-ds DNA, anti-C1q, C3 and C4 being within normal limits. In this case report, we present a patient with moderately active diffuse proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis (Class IV) confirmed by the renal biopsy, while her immunological profile is unusually normal.