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A. Shanmugaratnam, T. Velded, A. Mossige and M. Bovin, “Resource Management and Pastoral Institution Building in the West Africa Sahel,” World Bank Discussion Paper, Africa Technical Department Series 175, World Bank, Washington DC, 1992.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Collective Action in Common Pool Resource Management, Including Heterogeneity of Opportunities and Exit Options

  AUTHORS: Pilar Useche

  KEYWORDS: Natural Resource Management; Collective Action; Common Pool Resources; Environmental Economics; Economic Development

  JOURNAL NAME: Natural Resources, Vol.4 No.8, December 25, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options” and “outside opportunities” is missing. This article analyzes these concepts across the common pool resource management literature, investigates the factors that underlie “opting out” decisions, and reviews potential ways to operationalize these concepts for empirical analysis. It also explores how the relationship of cooperation and exit options may be influenced by broad economic processes, such as economic integration.