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M. E. Mantell, “Deep Shale Natural Gas and Water Use, Part Two: Abundant, Affordable, and Still Water Efficient, Tech. rep.,” Chesapeake Energy Corporation, 2010.

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Improved Water Use Estimates for Drilling and Hydrualic Fracturing in Northeastern Colorado

  AUTHORS: Stephen Goodwin, Ken Carlson, Bing Bai, Luke Rein, Ken Knox, Caleb Douglas

  KEYWORDS: Hydraulic Fracturing; Shale; Wattenberg; Niobrara; Water; Energy

  JOURNAL NAME: Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol.5 No.12, December 25, 2013

  ABSTRACT: The development of unconventional resources in tight shales has stimulated considerable growth of oil and gas production in Northeastern Colorado, but has led to concerns about added demands on the region’s strained water resources. Northeastern Colorado’s semi-arid environment, population growth, competing water demands and uncertainty about drilling and hydraulic fracturing water requirements have resulted in scrutiny and conflict surrounding water use for tight shales. This study collects water use data from wells in Northeastern Colorado to improve water estimates and to better understand important contributing factors. Most water resource studies use estimates for the number of future wells to predict water demands. This study shows that the number of hydraulic fracturing stages is a better measure of the future water demands for horizontal wells. Vertical wells use significantly less water than horizontal wells and will be less prevalent in the future.