TITLE:
Evaluation of Renal Disorders in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Ultrsonography
AUTHORS:
Saddig D. Jastaniah, Naglaa M. Alsayed, Ibrahim A. Awad, Hashim R. Fida, Hammad H. Elniel
KEYWORDS:
Nephropathy; Ultrasound; Diabetic; Grade; Parenchyma
JOURNAL NAME:
Open Journal of Medical Imaging,
Vol.3 No.4,
December
20,
2013
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is one of the common epidemics
worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 DM is high among Saudi population. Renal affection
by DM is in the form of nephropathy that may end in the end stage of renal disease
(ESRD) and renal failure warrants chronic dialysis or renal transplantation. Renal
Ultrasonography (US) is a simple, accurate, affordable and non-invasive test that
can help in management of type 2 DM patients who have renal affection. Four hundred
patients, aged from 13 - 93 years with type 2 DM were recruited from the
outpatient internal and family medicine clinics at KAUH. Renal US was requested
for 202 patients, and was done at the diagnostic radiology department using digital iU22 Philips machine with 3.5 - 5 MHz convex array transducer. The renal
size, parenchymal echogenicity and associated renal pathologies e.g. stones, cysts
or masses were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS program
version 16. Most cases showed normal renal size and echogenicity. Grade one nephropathy
was more than grade two or three. Nephropathy was non-significantly correlated to
the patients’ gender, but to their age. Increased patients’ age was associated with increased
renal echogenicity. Non-diabetes-related renal abnormalities
were detected in 39% of patients. The most common of non-diabetes-related renal abnormalities was simple renal
cyst followed by renal stones (25% and 23%) respectively. Renal US for patients
with type 2 DM has a great role in diagnosing and grading diabetic nephropathy,
selecting cases with non-diabetic
nephropathy for renal biopsy, and detecting associated renal
abnormalities. Due to the high prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia, we recommend future
expanding study of the underlying possible
genetic relation between DM and renal cysts and also the relation between renal
stones and type 2 DM.