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Chen, H., Karne, R.J., Hall, G., Campia, U., Panza, J.A., Cannon III, R.O., Wang, Y., Katz, A., Levine, M. and Quon, M.J. (2006) High-dose oral vitamin C partially replenishes vitamin C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and low vitamin C levels but does not improve endothelial dysfunction or insulin resistance. American Journal of Physiology—Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 290, H137-H145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00768.2005

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• TITLE: Spinach aldolase interactions with rabbit, chicken, and fish muscle phosphofructokinase-1

  AUTHORS: Anita Williams, Ami Abbott, Jessica Chadwick, Alicia Thomas, Nathalia Cruz, Alice Deng, Leah Ordinanza, John Tat, Percy Russell

  KEYWORDS: Phosphofructokinase-1; Spinach Aldolase Interactions; Carbonate Inhibitions; Rabbit Aldolase; Evolutionary Conservative Relationships; Ascorbate Inhibition

  JOURNAL NAME: Advances in Enzyme Research, Vol.1 No.4, December 10, 2013

  ABSTRACT: Previous studies showed that rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) activity losses due to dilution, due to inhibition by ascorbate, and due to some lithium salts were prevented by rabbit muscle aldolase. Chicken PFK-1 and fish PFK-1 interacted with ascorbate and were inhibited, consistent with a previously proposed function that ascorbate facilitates glycogen in resting muscle by inhibiting glycolysis. This report shows that a plant enzyme, spinach aldolase, has the same ability to prevent rabbit muscle PFK-1 activity loses as rabbit muscle aldolase and in some instances it was a better protector from activity losses than rabbit aldolase. Spinach aldolase also protected chicken and fish PFK-1s from inhibitions by ascorbate and from activity losses due to dilution. Prevention of losses PFK-1 activities from animal species by a plant protein, spinach aldolase, suggests an evolutionary conservative relationship between PFK-1s and aldolases.