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S. McQuaid, D. J. O’Gorman, O. Yousif, T. P. Yeow, Y. Rahman, D. Gasparro, G. Pacini and J. J. Nolan, “Early- Onset Insulin-Resistant Diabetes in Obese Caucasians has Features of Typical Type 2 Diabetes, but 3 Decades Earlier,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 28, No. 5, 2005, pp. 1216- 1218. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1216

has been cited by the following article:

• TITLE: Obese Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Have Hippocampal and Frontal Lobe Volume Reductions

  AUTHORS: Hannah Bruehl, Victoria Sweat, Aziz Tirsi, Bina Shah, Antonio Convit

  KEYWORDS: Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Hippocampus, Frontal Lobe, Adolescents

  JOURNAL NAME: Neuroscience and Medicine, Vol.2 No.1, March 17, 2011

  ABSTRACT: The rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) continue to parallel the rising rates of obesity in the United States, increasingly affecting adolescents as well as adults. Hippocampal and frontal lobe reductions have been found in older adults with type 2 diabetes, and we sought to ascertain if these brain alterations were also present in obese adolescents with T2DM. In a cross-sectional study we compared MRI-based regional brain volumes of 18 obese adolescents with T2DM and 18 obese controls without evidence of marked insulin resistance. Groups were matched on age, sex, school grade, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and waist circumference. Relative to obese controls, adolescents with T2DM had significantly reduced hippocampal and prefrontal volumes, and higher rates of global cerebral atrophy. Hemoglo-bin A1c, an index of long-term glycemic control, was inversely associated with prefrontal volume and positively associ-ated with global cerebral atrophy (both p