Exhaust emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel

doi:10.4236/abc.2011.13014

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Advances in Biological Chemistry, 2011, 1, 119-121

doi:10.4236/abc.2011.13014 Published Online November 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/abc/

ABC

Published Online November 2011 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ABC

Exhaust emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel

Yongmei Zhang1, Hongjun You2

1Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, China;

2SAIT Polytechnic, Calgary, Canada.

Email: [email protected]

Received 20 June 2011; revised 6 September 2011; accepted 18 September 2011.

ABSTRACT

The performances of diesel contrasted with that of

biodiesel, such as HC and CO and NOx and fume and

particles discharge, are studied on. The contents of

HC, CO, NOx and flue gas are measured by Japan

163 Gas Chromatograph, USA 48 CO Analyser, Ja-

pan MEXA-7200H and FBY-201 flue gas analyzer,

respectively. The experimental results shows HC dis-

charge of biodiesel B20 decreases with the increase of

rate of revolution; NOx discharge of biodiesel B5 and

biodiesel B20 increase with the increase of torque;

NOx discharge increases with the increase of adding

biodiesel at the same torque; Flue gas discharge of

biodiesel B5 and biodiesel B20 firstly increase and

then decrease with the increase of torque; Particle

discharge decreases with the increase of the amount

of biodiesel.

Keywords: Biodiesel; Diesel; HC and CO; Discharge

Performance; Pollutants

1. INTRODUCTION

Biodiesel is the alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids and

a transportation fuel that has gradually grown in popu-

larity over the past decade. With the decreasing reserves

of fossil fuels, it is now more important than ever to find

transportation fuels that can serve as alternatives to

crude oil-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel.

Common sources for biodiesel’s feedstock include soy-

bean oil [1], algal oil, higuereta oil [2], canola oil, vege-

table oils [3], palm oil, corn oil [4], rapeseed oil [5],

Brassica carinata oil [6], trap grease [7], yellow horn oil

[8]. Lately there has been growing controversy about the

use of potential food sources for the production of fuel.

In attempt to address these concerns, researchers have

turned their focus from the popular feedstock and are

currently investigating the use of alternative feedstock

such as beef fat from beef plant.

The objective of this work was to study on the dis-

charge performance of biodiesel and diesel, such as HC

and CO and NOx and flue gas and particles. And the ex-

perimental results of biodiesel are compared with that of

diesel. The experimental results can prove that biodiesel

has more competitive in price and environmental protec-

tion with diesel fuel.

2. EXPERIMENT

Feedstock

Diesel was obtained from Fushun Petrochemical Com-

pany. Biodiesel was produced from palm oil with Assis-

tant of CaO-La2O3. Properties of diesel and biodiesel are

shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 CO and HC Discharge

Experimental results of CO discharge at the different rate

of revolution (1000 r/min, 1500 r/min and 2000 r/min)

Table 1. Properties of diesel.

Project Diesel

Oxidation stability mg 100 mL–1 0.1

Acidity mg KOH 100 mL–1 4.97

10% remain coke % 0.01

Copper corrosion 1

Kinematic viscosity (20˚C) mm2·s–1 3.541

Freezing point ˚C –37

Flash point ˚C 54

Cetane number 57

Table 2. Properties of biodiesel.

Project Biodiesel

Density (20˚C) kg·m–3 894.7

Flash point ˚C 121

Sulfur content % 0.0004

Copper corrosion 1

Cetane number 50.1

Y. M. Zhang et al. / Advances in Biological Chemistry 1 (2011) 119-121

120

are listed in Ta bl e 3 . CO discharge of blank diesel has

no change with the increase of rate of revolution. CO

discharge of biodiesel B5 decreases with the increase of

rate of revolution. But CO discharge of biodiesel B20

increases with the increase of rate of revolution. CO

discharge decreases with the increase of adding biodiesel

at the same rate of revolution.

The cylinder’s temperature and the content of oxygen

in the cylinder have a main effect on the burning degree

of fuel. The content of CO shows if the burning degree

of fuel is good or bad. When fuel is burnt, the content of

oxygen determines to produce the amount of CO due to

the high cylinder’s temperature. Diesel doesn’t almost

consist of oxygen element, while biodiesel includes a

little bit of oxygen element, so diesel requires more

oxygen and discharges more CO than that of biodiesel.

Experimental results of HC discharge at the different

rate of revolution are listed in Tab le 4 . HC discharge of

blank diesel and biodiesel B20 decreases with the in-

crease of rate of revolution. But HC discharge of blank

diesel firstly increase and then decreases with the in-

crease of rate of revolution and has a maximum 5. HC

discharge increases with the increase of adding biodiesel

at the same rate of revolution.

Compound fuels (B5 and B20) have very low HC

discharge because biodiesel has low content of aromatics

and a little bit of oxygen element and high cetane num-

ber, so HC discharge is very low.

3.2. NOx Discharge

Experimental results of NOx discharge at 1000 r/min are

shown in Table 5. NOx discharge of blank diesel and

biodiesel B5 and biodiesel B20 increase with the in-

crease of torque. NOx Discharge increases with the in-

crease of adding biodiesel at the same torque. When

biodiesel is added into diesel, it means more oxygen

element is added into diesel, so NOx discharge gradually

increases.

3.3. Flue Gas Discharge

Experimental results of flue gas discharge at 1000 r/min

are shown in Table 6. Flue gas discharge of blank diesel

and biodiesel DB5 and biodiesel DB20 firstly increase

and then decrease with the increase of torque and have

maximum. Flue gas discharge decreases with the in-

crease of amount of biodiesel at the same torque. Flue

gas decreases because C/H of biodiesel is lower than that

of diesel and density of biodiesel is more than that of

diesel.

3.4. Particle Discharge

Experimental results of particle discharge at 1000 r/min

are shown in Table 7 . Particle discharge obviously de-

creases with the increase of adding biodiesel. Particle

discharge of B5 and B20 decrease 8.2% and 13.3%, re-

spectively. Fuel is burnt to discharge particle due to high

temperature and no oxygen and crack reaction. Com-

pound fuels (B5 and B20) have low content of aromatics

to produce less particle and high cetane number to de-

crease the burning period and the burning retention, so it

prevents more particle producing.

Table 3. Results of CO discharge.

Rate of revolution

r/min 1000 1500 2000

Torque Nm 300 300 300

CO discharge %

Blank diesel (B0)0.01 0.01 0.01

Biodiesel (B5) 0.01 0.01 0.008

Biodiesel (B20) 0.006 0.007 0.008

Table 4. Results of HC discharge.

Rate of revolution

r/min 1000 1500 2000

Torque Nm 300 300 300

HC discharge ugg–1

Blank diesel (B0)18 14 12

Biodiesel (B5) 6 7 4

Biodiesel (B20) 9 8 7

Table 5. Effect of different torque on NOx discharge (ugg–1) at

1000 r/min.

100 Nm150 Nm 200 Nm250Nm

Blank diesel (B0)875 1345 2051 2178

Biodiesel (B5) 891 1357 2067 2207

Biodiesel (B20) 886 1506 2178 2298

Table 6. Effect of different torque on flue gas discharge (%) at

1000 r/min.

100 Nm150 Nm 200 Nm250 Nm

Blank diesel (B0)0.78 1.18 1.08 1.04

Biodiesel (B5) 0.77 1.10 0.98 0.94

Biodiesel (B20) 0.60 0.82 0.48 0.40

Table 7. Particles discharge.

Project Results

Rate of revolution r/min 1000

Torque Nm 300

Dilution PM/mgh–1

Blank diesel (B0) 6.67

Biodiesel (B5) 6.12

Biodiesel (B20) 5.78

Y. M. Zhang et al. / Advances in Biological Chemistry 1 (2011) 119-121

121

4. CONLUSION

Biodiesel discharge performance, such as HC and CO

and NOx and flue gas and particles discharge, is re-

searched. The experimental results are as follow:

ABC

1) Adding biodiesel is benefit to decrease pollutants in

the environment.

2) CO discharge decreases with the increase of adding

biodiesel at the same rate of revolution and HC dis-

charge increases with the increase of adding biodiesel at

the same rate of revolution.

3) NOx discharge of blank diesel and biodiesel B5 and

biodiesel B20 increase with the increase of torque. NOx

Discharge increases with the increase of adding bio-

diesel at the same torque.

4) Flue gas discharge of blank diesel and biodiesel B5

and biodiesel B20 firstly increase and then decrease with

the increase of torque and have maximum. Flue gas

Discharge decreases with the increase of amount of bio-

diesel at the same torque.

5) Particle discharge decreases with the increase of

adding biodiesel.

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