Framework of Penrose Transforms on DP-Modules to the Electromagnetic Carpet of the Space-Time from the Moduli Stacks Perspective

doi:10.4236/jamp.2014.25019

Paper Menu >>

Journal Menu >>

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2014, 2, 150-162

Published Online April 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jamp

http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.25019

How to cite this paper: Bulnes, F. (2014) Framework of Penrose Transforms on Dp-Modules to the Electromagnetic Carpet

of the Space-Time from the Moduli Stacks Perspective. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2, 150-162.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.25019

Framework of Penrose Transforms on

-Modules to the Electromagnetic Carpet

of the Space-Time from the Moduli Stacks

Perspective

Francisco Bulnes

Department of Research in Mathematics and Engineering, TESCHA, Federal Highway Mexico-Cuautla, Tlapala

La Candelaria, Chalco, State of Mexico, Mexico

Email: [email protected]

Received January 2014

Abstract

Considering the different versions of the Penrose transform on D-modules and their applications

to different levels of DM-modules in coherent sheaves, we obtain a geometrical re-construction of

the electrodynamical carpet of the space-time, which is a direct consequence of the equivalence

between the moduli spaces

G-equivariant G-equivariant

G HCC



(/, )(CY, ),≅

that have been demon-

strated in a before work. In this case, the equivalence is given by the Penrose transform on the

quasi-coherent Dλ-modules given by the generalized Verma modules diagram establish ed in the

Recillas conjecture to the group

1 SO n( ,1),

and consigned in the Dp-modules on which have

been obtained solutions in field theory of electromagnetic type.

Keywords

Penrose Transform, Moduli Stack, Dp-Modules, Verma Modules, Field Theory, E l ec tro-Dynamical

Stacks

1. Introduction

We consider the Penrose transformation, [1] through the correspondence



(1)

Let

be the Penrose transform [2] associated to the double fibration (1), used to represent the holomorphic

solutions of the generalized wave equation [2], with parameter of helicity

[3,4]:

= 0, 

(2)

F. Bulnes

151

on some open subsets

⊂M

in terms of cohomological classes of bundles of lines [2], on

U((U))

−1

=νπ ⊂P

(where

is the super-projective space).

In the

-modules language the direct and inverse images of the double fibration comes given to

-mod-

ules that are

-modules through of the right functor equivalence:

R(;())R hom((),)[1],

yk kΓ≅Φ− −OO

ppDD

(3)

where

D-

module transform of

( ),k−

is the

-module associated to the wave equation given in the equa-

tion (2), whose helicity is

()(1/ 2).hk k=−+

Now in the context of the generalized

D-

modules (inside of the derived categories) we can use one version

generalized of the Schmid-Radon transform, to cycles in the derived category and finally obtain for the Radon-

Penrose Transform, the functor [5]

additional geometrical hypothesisΦ+

(4)

establishing an equivalence between the category

M(-modules/ flat connection),D

and the category M(DY-

modules/Singularities to along of the involutive manifold V/flat connection), [2,5,6].

Then our moduli space that we constructed is the categorization of equivalences:

d[ /Y]Y

{M(-modules/Singularities to along

of the involutive manifold / flat connection)

(U, )},

H•



(5)

considering the moduli space as base [2,6],

d[/]( )

{M(-modules/ flat connection) ker(U,)},

SX Xhk

D= M

(6)

The additional geometrical hypothesis in the functor (4), comes established by the geometrical duality of

Langlands [5], which says that the derived category of coherent sheaves on a moduli space

Flat

(, ),

GCM

where

, is the complex given by [6]

-11 -1

jj ji1i3

ddddd

jjj j

C ,

−+ ++

→ →→→ →

EEE E

(7)

which is equivalent to the derived category of

D-

modules on the moduli space of holomorphic vector

G-

bundles given by

()

[7], this shaped by the geometrical extension of a derived functor corresponding to

one Langlands ramification with corresponding stack moduli given by

Bun

[8].

Inside of this study, the transform on

D-

modules (see Kashiwara [9]), that arises is the Radon-Penrose

transform for generalized flag manifolds in the framework of this quasi-

G-

equivariant

D-

modules (that are a

class of the coherent

D-

modules useful in the manager of cycles to reconstruct and model the geometrical im-

ages [10,11] of the electrodynamics of the space-time through of the different photon fields that interact as

strings, heterotic strings and

D-

branes [12]), is the generalized version that we want. Likewise, in particular

their Radon integral operator defines and proves the necessary invariance of the geometrical images obtained by

the

D-

modules transform, predicted by the Kashiwara theorem [12], and that guarantee the invariance in the

solutions of the wave equation given in (2) in the frame of conformally [13] in the integral geometry context.

By the Recillas conjecture [14], and their application in the obtaining of Cěch complexes (complexes obtained

in the development by derived sheaves (ver Kapustin [7])) in the tacking of strings through super-conformal

spaces

given in the corollary by [5 ], we have that the Penrose-Ward transform is done evident when the

inverse images of the

D-

modules that are quasi-coherent

Dλ

-modules established by the diagram [14]

(Verma modules diagram in the conjecture Recillas to the group

(1, 1)SOn +

[4,15]) result naturally inside of

vector bundles language as image of the degeneration of cycles given inside the manifold signed in the equiva-

lences of moduli spaces in the theorem 4.1, given in [16].

Likewise the duality between string theories (string and

D-

branes) stay established through of the intert-

wining operators of the Penrose transform and their isomorphism in all different string dualities, field/particle

and the conformally and holonomy levels required in invariance of the space-time field theory.

2. Framework Penrose Transforms on

-Modules that are

-Modules

As we want the framework of the space-time through the different versions of the Penrose transforms and their

F. Bulnes

152

relation between them considering the corresponding intertwining operators (integral transforms that are iso-

morphism between cohomological spaces of orbital spaces [17,18] of the space-time), as for example, the twis-

tor transform to the G-orbits of the complex holomorphic bundle of the complex Riemannian manifold.

Since solutions of differential equations on manifolds and cohomological classes are part of the bases of this

generalized Penrose transform, the theory of sheaf cohomology and

D-

modules was perfectly considered for

their modern study. In [13], we used this theory to generalize and study the Penrose correspondence in (1). More

recently in [15] has been studied the generalized Penrose transform between generalized flag manifolds over a

complex algebraic group

, using

. The Kashiwara’s correspondence (see [14]) between quasi-

G-

equiva-

riant

G/ H

-D -

modules and some kind representation spaces which are

(), H-g

modules (loosely, they are com-

plex vector spaces endowed together with an action of the Lie algebra

, associated to

, and an action of

, which are compatible in some way) establishes the solid criteria to obtain equivalences between cohomo-

logical classes when

, is a closed algebraic subgroup of

Conjecture. 1. [14] We want a generalization of Penrose transform on the homogeneous space

(2, )/(1),SL UC

or a Radon transform on equivariant-

D-

modules on generalized flag manifolds [13,15].

Let

, be a reductive algebraic group over

, and

, two parabolic subgroups containing the same

Borel subgroup of

. Let

/,X GP =

Y /, GQ =

and let

, be the unique closed

G-

Orbit in

Y,X×

for

the diagonal action. Then we can identify

, with

/G PQ.∩

The natural correspondence

S Y,X

νπ

← →

(8)

where

, and π, are the restriction to

, of the projections of

Y,X×

and

, induces an integral

transform from

, which generalizes the classical Radon-Penrose transform. This subject has been in-

vestigated intensively both in the complex and real domains (to see Baston-Eastwood [1], D’Agnolo-Schapira

[6], Marastoni [11], Gindikin [13]).

Our goal is to obtain one version of this transform in the framework of quasi-

G-

equivariant

D-

modules

(see Kashiwara [7]), i.e. the functor

GG *

:M()M(),()gf,

−

 →=RRMMM M

(9)

called the Radon transform, which is predicted by the conjecture 1, given by [15] and completed by [11], where

M (),M

denotes the derived category of quasi-

G-

equivariant

D-

modules with bounded cohomologies, and

,π

and

-1

,ν

are the operations of direct image (integration) and inverse image (pull-back) for

D-

modules.

More precisely, we consider a

D-

module of type

== ⊗O

MDL DL

, where

, is an irreducible

G-

equivariant locally free

−O

module. In this case is had that

(R())0, 0,

Hp= ∀<DL

The Grothendieck group of the category of quasi-

G-

equivariant

D-

modules of finite length is spanned by

elements corresponding to the objects of the form

. This means that we can generate solutions in complex

holomorphic manifolds as

, through conformal solutions defined on bundle of lines, at least to each a of the

derived category components of quas i-

G-

equivariant

D-

modules. From BGG-resolution and using some fact

of the Dolbeault cohomology on

, discussed by Cousin complexes and their sheaves we obtain a resolution of

the quasi-

G-

equivariant

D-

module

-1( ),νDL

of the form:

-1

0f ()0,

nk k

= =

→→→→ →

⊕⊕

LL DL

(10)

To obtain a generalization of the Kashiwara theorem in the context of the

G-

equivariant

D-

modules is

necessary the geometric Zuckerman functor. This is the localization of the equivariant Zuckerman functor to the

derived equivariant

D-

module categories on generalized flag varieties (this to apply in our study an appropri-

ate

D-

module transform of the Penrose transform type). To this case, we define our categories of interest and

construct the geometric Zuckerman functor from the basic

D-

module functors.

The category of (left)

G-

equivari ant

-module is denoted by

M ().

The following theorem is well

known :

Theorem 2.1. If

acts on

, freely, there is an equivalence of categories

M()M(/).

X XG≅

For homogeneous spaces, we can make a stronger statement. Let

, be a complex linear group, let

Rep( ),B

be the category of algebraic representations of

F. Bulnes

153

Proof. [15]. 

Theorem 2.2. If

/,X GB=C

there is an equivalence of categories

M()Re p().

XB≅

Proof. [15]. 

Let

a quasi-

G-

equi va r ia nt -

G/H

-module belonging to the subcategory of

G/ H

D−

modules given by

good /

M( )

(category of the

G-

equiva r iant -

G/H

-modules).

The idea is to obtain equivalences between the different classes of

G/ H

D−

modules establishing the isomor-

phism between the categories

( )

RS( )/

M() Mod,

G GH

=MD

and

good /

MM (),

G GH

where

RS( ),

must be

the restricted Zuckerman functor to the subcategory of left

G-

equiva r ia nt -

G/H

-modules to obtain the de-

rived category that is product of a trianguled subcategory (as the given in [16]) for a factor category that deter-

mine us the Harish-Chandra functor between the categories. These equivalences in analogy to the established in

(9) take the shape to the specific

G/H

-modules

// /

{(){derived category of modules--equivariants}M(, )M()},

GHGGHGHGG

MDG H==−=DMMg

(11)

considering the moduli space as base,

{M(ker( ,)),

equivG

G / HGHBRST

Dmodules G -equivariantsUQ= −M

(12)

If we consider

M(B\G/B) (),

= =HD

*, ∀λ∈ Z

then

M(B\G / B)

, from the group

GG=

. B-equivariant

D-

module on the flag manifold

/ B,XG=

provide integral kernels and thus integral

transforms, to know

0BRST

(,)ker( ,),H XUQ

≅

(13)

where

BRST1 121,

θθ

=∂+Φ −Φ

such that

BRST

0,Q

where



and 

, are Higgs fields on either side

of the open string [7], which are implicitly these kernels?

The condition establis hed in the kernel of equivalences inside the moduli space

equivG

G/ H

, is analogous to the

given by the isomorphism of the Penrose transform discussed in foot of page 2, in the section 2, in [5]. The idea

is extend the harmonic condition to the functions to differential operators of derived sheaves that are in

BRST -cohomology, such that the equivalences in (12) are defined by certain functors due to the duality between

the BGG-resolution and meromorphic version of the Cousin complex1 associated to

(bundle of lines asso-

ciated to the flag manifold

/X GH=

, then

, is a Borel subgroup). These is the way of the classification of

the differential operators with their moduli stacks. Now we will dedicate to obtain these moduli stacks to elec-

tromagnetism in field theory as representation of the space-time.

3. Electromagnetic Moduli Stacks to Space-Time

A concrete application of the moduli space

, on

(2)-SU

bundles and their complexification establishes

that the moduli space of the relations between hyperbolic waves (horocycles) [18], and the Haar measure of the

group action in

(2, 2),SU

2 is the moduli space of the functors

(2) 1

(Hom(( ), (2))

( )((( ))),,,

()

H XU

Dk HDkD

DM Dmodules

•



Γπ



=−=Φ− ∀





∈−





P FP

where the cohomological space

((( ))),

H DkΦ−

is the space of the

( 2)SU−

equivariant functors related

with the functors given in the relation (3) where these last come from the use of Penrose transform on

modules [6]. But these functors are induced on orbits of

(2,2),SU

conserving their equivariance through of one

integral transform that relates Harish-Chandra modules from the string le vel like

-branes (

-modules) with

one intertwining operator of cohomological description as the given in geometrical Langlands correspondence

established in [8]. Then by the Langlands ramifications the moduli stack correspond to the holomorphic

G−

bundles on

where

is the module defined in the complexes succession (7). Here the group

, is de-

1Cousin Dolbeault theory refers to the complex Dolbeault infinite dimension.

2In measurements of observables like curvature and torsion the corresponding Radon transform on spaces

{ },LL= ⊂FC

is the John or

classic Penrose transform, and their image points are used to measure the curvature through of light waves (macroscopic case) [19].

F. Bulnes

154

fined by the condition that the lattice of homomorphisms from

(1),U

to a maximal torus of

, be isomorphic

to the weight lattice of

Studies on representations to non-compactness Minkowski spaces such as that appear in electromagnetism to

characterize the gauge fields in

(2,) /(1),SLUC

and

( ),SUn

establish that when the gauge group is

( 2),SU

and

is a non-compact maximal subgroup of

(3,1),SO

the unique non-zero invariant solutions are Abelian

Maxwell fields [20]. Then this fact produces

BRST

(zero branes stability) that is to say, the

-module of

Q−

branes are the torus [7] which is isomorphic to

(1)U

.3 What is the mosaic of the field theories of the

space-time in this case?

The mosaic is very simple and only includes two theories of the electromagnetic nature shaping the frame of

the study Figure 1.

In this case the two different electromagnetic theories, one in the commutative case (that includes the elec-

tromagnetic macroscopic fields) and other that includes the weakly electromagnetic type that conforms, joined

with others considerations the gauge theory, can be the same if their semigroup operation is not invertible. To

the

2−

dimensional scheme of the conformation of the one only theory from two different theories (for example

to the gauge

(1)U−−

theories) the quotients of the homogeneous space can be visualized under the

Q−

branes

square only (blue square in the Figure 1).

We consider the description of the grading (or classification) that appears physically in terms of the

(1)

(the re-normalizing of the group

(1)U

Considering the TQFT, and CFT, for branes and anti-branes wrapped on the entire space, the analysis from

the gauge

(1)U−−

theories is straightforward. The tachyon

, is a degree zero operator. The term that we have

that add to the boundary to describe a tachyon is the field descendant

[ ,],

∂Σ

∫GT

where

, is the topological-

ly twisted boundary supercharge (that is to say a term in the TFT OR TQFT). The operator

, has

(1)

charge

1−

, so

[ ,],GT

has charge

1−

. But a necessary condition to preserve supersymmetry is that boundary

terms must be neutral under

(1)

(otherwise the

(1)

, is broken which breaks the

2,=N

boundary su-

per s y mmet ry4).

For other side, to lower dimensional sheaves, the relationship between the charge and grading is more subtle

considering the dimension of the cohomological spaces to different vector bundles considered. For example, to

the state corresponding to an element of

( ),

Ext S, T

for two sheaves

, and

, we need not have charge

(1)

, equal to

, which could be the degree of the

Ext

, group will not match the charge of the state. Then

the use of the twistor transform results very useful until certain point when there exist correspondence between

sheaves that are corresponded to mutually supersymmetric branes. For example, the inverse twistor transform

applied to the sheaf

(- ),kO

corresponding to the

−thk

power of the tautological line bundle of super-projec-

tive space

[21], for example the bundle of lines

(1) ,

⊕

when is considered a twistor-string case with

3.P

Nevertheless one important aspect that born of these relation that are explained by the twistor transform is the

field consideration that gives origin to the shape of the geometry (at least in lower dimension) from the quantum

states and their orbifolds visualized as the lines of their corresponding vector bundles shaping the physical

stacks of the first topological electromagnetic theories to some classes of the space

(2,) /(1)SL UC

. But, fur-

thermore using the “ramifications” to certain Langlands classes [8] we can to obtain the visualizing of the sin-

gularities of the field as sources of the proper fields, through of their extensions as rational curves. Remember

Figure 1. Re-normalizing of the Group in

semi -groups of electrodynamical quotients

from

(2,) /(1),SL UC

when

BRST

[7] .

The co-weight lattice of

is defined as the lattice of homomorphisms from

(1),U

to a maximal torus

, of

. The weight lattice of

,is the lattice of homomorphisms from

, to

(1).U

4Twisting

2, =N

Super-Yang-Mills theory.

F. Bulnes

155

that we want discomposes singular regions of the space in regions of the conformal nature that can give the val-

ue of the singularity evaluated as zeros of polynomials in algebraic geometry and re-interpreted by the Penrose

transform as varieties (varieties that are rational curves or algebraic curves). This is as to take a microscope and

observe the flatness of the space in these singular regions (as the study frame given in the first square of the

Figure 1) to these scales (for example to the QFT). To this last is very useful establish dualities between of set

of equivalences from the moduli space

Flat

(, ),

GCM

and the moduli space of the corresponding classes in (12)

[5] (see Figures 2 (a) and (b)).

In the case of the complexes (7) the idea is discompose a complex with non-conformal properties in “factora-

ble” pieces in complexes where flatness due to the holomorphicity exists and also conformability of

, in

these scales. A promissory result in that sense is the due to Kashiwara-Poicaré-Mebkhout on local cohomology

where in the resolution proposed in the Bulnes corollary [14], we can investigate the cohomology5 of

through the moduli space

( ,0).≅PPM

To the electrodynamical context, the moduli space is the corres-

ponding to the super-projective

24 46

≅PL

(superminitwistor space).

What happen in the case when the space-time group is measured from electromagnetic fields in the TQFT, or

TFT contexts as

( 2)SU⊗T

4. Results

As has been mentioned before, to calibrate the space-time through the electromagnetic fields is necessary re-

place the Abelian group

(1)U

, in the

K−

invariant

G−

structure of the principal

−

bundle of

, given

( ),

for the non-Abelian group

( 2),SU

since we want to realize an action through electromagnetic

fields on a representation of the space-time given as

( 2)SU⊗T

, where

, is the torus

(1)U≅T

. Then

(4) (2)SO SU≅⊗T

, where

( 4)SO

, is a compact group of

.GL

For the isomorphism with

( 4)SO

, a representation through of

(1)U−

connections of the space-time will

comes given for representations of the group

( 2)SU⊗T

. An example of the application of these representa-

tions is the

2−

dimensional hyperbolic space whose curvature can represents through the value of certain

G−

invariant integrals on lines of a bundle of lines on the principal

G−

bundle of

(1)U

, and whose that come from

of the relation between co-cycles of the cohomology of

/,GL

with

an open orbit and fields of

/,GK

(for

example, the fields on horocycles as solutions of the wave equation on the hyperbolic plane when

(1,1 ),G SU=

and

( 2)K SO=

). The case that interest us is consider a

/,GL

as flag manifold and with

(2, ),G SLC=

and

L=T

Here

/,GK

is a

3−

dimensional hyperbolic space.

The way to define the corresponding moduli stacks of electromagnetic nature is consider the following impli-

cations that are consequences of cohomology of derived sheaves of

D-

modules using the Cousin cohomology

( 2)SU−

bundles [8] and after extend them to the complex case:

(a) (b)

Figure 2. Mirror equivalences to sources and holes of the quantum electro-

magnetic fields. The first image corresponds to the hole or singularity of the

(1)U−

connections. The two images correspond to the source of the gauge

(1)U−−

field. Both geometrical objects are equivalent inside of the dualities of

the moduli spaces

Flat

(, ),

GCM

and Hitchin moduli space

( ,).

HGCM

5Remember that the twistor transform is an intertwining operator of cohomological description of isomorphisms from the different images of

Penrose transforms of the same physical object (for example a hole can be a source and vice versa inside the bundle of lines context [5]).

F. Bulnes

156

Cohomology of CechCohomology

Complexification of the Twistor model to Space -Time

hyper-functional of Cech,

→∂− →

→

(14)

But this only can be realized directly through of different classes of the

(1)U−

bundles of the space

(2,) /(1),SLUC

that can be given only on those states inside the Lorentz norm.

Then by ingredients from the field theory we have that the Penrose transform gives the following identifica-

tion:

2(,22){hyperfunctions fields on , of helicity },Hh h−=PM

(15)

But this space is too large to our purposes of field theory since it contains states of infinite norm like many

radiative interactions that come from the background.

Then we consider the cohomological space

(,22){real analytic fields on , of helicity },Hh h−=PM

(16)

which, using the p ositive/n ega tive frequency decomposition due the standard polarization takes the form

( ,22)( ,22).HhHh

+−

−⊕ −PP

Then by the extension of functors given in the category [8],

M( ,(2)),SUsl

we have

equivariant

(1), (2)(1), (2)

(R(( )))R( ),

U SUU SU

HV VΓ=Γ

(17)

,j+

∀∈Z

and

, a Harish-Chandra module, where

(1), (2)

R( ),

PUSU

VΓ

is an equivariant image of the functor

modulo

(1)U

, given in the moduli space

, and these are the functors

R( ;( ))ykΓ

, of the derived cate-

gory

()VD

.Observe the

D-

modules as

D-

modules inside of the sheaf

()k

, that is to say, we want do

correspond

D-

modules that come from a derived sheaf to certain class branes. These branes must be that

come from of the electromagnetic fields to our research.

Theorem (F. Bulnes) 4.1. [2]. The following isomorphism is valid

quasi- -equivariantquasi- -equivariant

(/,)(Y, ),

G HCCC

∧•

≅



being

∧•

a Cousin Dolbeault complex

-1

, ,

[/ X]

(M)[ ]((( ))).

kk I

np np

HRkH R

••

⊗≅⊗ λOOEEDD

Proof. [5,24]. 

From the before theorem given in [5,8] we can give the application to a geometric electrodynamical represen-

tation of the space-time considering conformally invariant two-dimensional theories6:

Theorem (F. Bulnes). 4.2. Using the isomorphism between the moduli space

- equiv

( ,)

CY CM

and the mod-

uli space to the sta ck

⊗Ω

, we can obtain the moduli stacks

[ / ].CZ

We want

(,)

Hom T

, [23] and obtain a result in real form spaces because we want use

(1)U−

gauge

theory, that is to say, “Abelianize” the

( 2)SU−

theory to find a decorated of the moduli stack where we can use

the

D−

branes to tack the field carpet as a

2−

image of the corresponding CFT-space (crystal field theory-

space) obtained of the corresponding

(1)U−

gerbe8 [7]:

via a homomorphism

Hom( (),(1))ZG U

, to know;

( )(1)

( ,())( ,(1)),

ZGU

HXZG HXU

−

→

(18)

Proof. Considering the twistor transform that appears in the composition

,P T

[22] we have the Penrose

6Usually that stack is presented as

[ /],X×

where to this presentation one associates a non-conformally invariant two-

dimensional theory

of the

(1)U−

gauged sigma model. As stacks they are the same:

[/][/].X

=CZ C

7For example considering a decomposition given by

(4)(2)(2) /.SOSUSU=⊕Z

8A grebe is a construct in homological algebra and topology. A gerbe on a topological space

is a stac k

of groupoids over X

which

is locally non-e mpty (each point in

has an open neighbourhood

over which the section category

( ),GU

of the gerbe is not empty)

and transitive (for any two objects

and

( ),GU

for any open set

there is an open covering

{ },

such that the restri

tions of

and

to each

are connected by at least one morphism).

F. Bulnes

157

transform as a map congruent with

()ZG

, modulo

. The congruence of these maps defines the gerbe de-

fined in (18) and shapes the composition of bundles [7,21,22]9

exp

0 1,

∗

→ →→→

ZEE

(19)

where

∗

, is the sheaf of the smooth invertible functions on X. Of this way the co-cycles obtained by the Pe-

nrose transform are Čech

1−

co-cycles that come from the smooth principal

(1)U−

bundle. The space

, is a

fine sheaf such that

( ,)0.

HX =E

Thus a principal

(1)U−

bundle is a geometrical realization of one element

of the cohomological space

( ,).

∗

But we need establish the isomorphism between the moduli spaces

Flat

(, ),

GCM

D−

modules and

(( ,),),

A−

branes such and as is necessary to apply the

geometrical Langlands correspondence between of the

Bun

(bundles characterized on

) and the structure

shea ves like the given in

()BO

(with

, a Hitchin base given by the cone

(,()/ W)

×t

)10 to the bo-

sonic moduli space that we want (remember

( 2),SU

is the electromagnetic group of weak interactions such as

0,W

,WH

). Remember that we want obtain a photonic carpet as a

(1)

U−

carpet of the space-time.

Then to the Čech

1−

co-cycles we need that come from holomorphic

(1)U−

bundles. Then the correspond-

ing sheaf of inverfible holomorphic functions on X, will be

∗

Then a geometrical realization of a

0−

gerbe is the cohomological group

( ,).

∗

11 But the

0−

gerbe

corresponds to a principal

(1)U−

bundle (in this case a gerbe equal to

S−

bundle with connection) where

their topological realization is a cohomological space

(, ).HXZ

Then considering the twisted image of this

cohomological space we obtain a characteristic class of gerbe in the space

(,( ))H XZG

which is the pre-im-

age of the Penrose transform

{ }

2 21

(, )(,)/,(,)HXUd U

θθ

≅Φ∈Γ Ω Φ=∈Γ ΩO

(20)

in the stack

Bun

. But we want extend the electromagnetic field solution to the stacks such that

HiggsBun,

(21)

But our moduli space of the corresponding stack moduli must be the orbifolds in

Ω⊗L

, since we want

field extensions given by the Higgs field

( ).

⊗

Φ∈Γ L

Different bundles implies fields that have different zero

modes, which implies different anomalies which implies different physics measured from the electromagnetic

gauges. All these different field physics obtained are ramifications of the same field following different patrons

given by

CC→×B



. For example on a non-compact worldsheet (see the Fig ure 3), the instantons that have

charge

1/ ,k

corresponding to electrons with charge

, and massive particles can appear with periodicity es-

tablished by the closed forms whose cohomological classes lands in lattice

( ,2)( ),

H RH

Σ ≤ΣZ

(22)

Then the Čech

1−

cocyles are

( ,),HXS

who represents the kernel

()ZG

, of the map (18) which is the

space of the flat bundles, that is to say, the moduli space

Flat

(, ),

who is image of the functor of finite

range12

In this point we have in the flat complex space that

in 4

[1][1] ,

a ab

O TTO

∇

→→ →≅

which is conformally invariant (since the vector bundles of

, in

, need of the twistor space deduced to the derived wave operators of

the affine connections let be conformally invariants). Then considering the corresponding to the forms to curved case (

∇∇

such that

( ),

abba

∇ ∇−∇ ∇

is the curvature of

(essentially the Weyl curvature of

)

∀

, a 0-form in

(1)U

) we find an analogous connection to

2-forms, proving the obtaining of elements of the space

2().ΩM

In this composition

, is a twstor image of bundle using the connection

∇

. Then by the Penrose transform there is isomorphism between respective vector bundles. But from the congruence between (18)

and

their Penrose transform

,P T

we have a stack modulo

is the Weyl group.

11This cohomological space to all space-time

, must be

2(, (1)),HU

accord with the map (18).

, is the homomorphism given by

()Higgs

ππ

. Also is explicitly given to this case (Higgs fields) by the map

(, )

Higgs

GC X

ππ

 →

↓

F. Bulnes

158

Figure 3.

D−

branes Moduli Stack

[ /],X

calculated

with the action of

, lifting to an action

,CC→ ×Σ



where usually to the Riemannian surface

,Σ

we can consider the causal structure of

. The phy

sics are different and are corresponded to different “tim

es”

by a phase



. The different physics can

be viewed as sources (charges), holes (scattering or mas

sive particles), warm holes (perturbative spaces), flat sp

aces (de Sitter regions, for example

∞−

neighborhoods

in Lorentzian manifolds).

(Hom( (),(1)))( ,()),

HZGUHCG

Γ≅

(23)

But the MO-duality implies that the moduli spaces

Flat

(, ),

GCM

and

( ,),

GCM

(with symplectic struc-

ture

) are a mirror pair [25]. Then the flat

-B

fields from

( ,),

GCM

take values in the space

(,()) ()H CZGZG=

. But is well known that

()ZG

is naturally isomorphic to

1()

. Newly by the argu-

ments of the MO-duality we can map the class

( ),wZG∈

defining the

-B

field on

( ,),

GCM

to the cor-

responding element in

1()

, labeling the connected component of

(, ),

GCM

(and vice versa). Then to

our case when

( 2),G SU=

then the moduli space

( ,),

GCM

is connected and has two possible flat

-B

fields labeled by

( (2)).Z SU=Z

Then, for other side

(2) /,

G SU=Z

and therefore

(, ),

GCM

haves

two components labeled by

()

Finally the sheaf of the open-string states (states that come from the

D−

branes) is the sheaf of holomorphic

functions on

( ,),

GCM

in the complex structure of the symplectic complex structure

IJ K

ωω ω

= +

13. Then

( ,),

GCM

can be identified with

(,)

Higgs

GCM

, which the bosonic moduli space that we want. 

Example 4.1. We consider the Abelian Hodge theory approach, and let

Loc( )

, with

, the curve of

their corresponding ramification with the same geometry to construct the pair or Langlands data

(, ),M

where

Higgs

Bun ,M =

and

Higgs/

→ ⊗Ω

(24)

This connection is a meromorphic relative flat connection acting along of fibers of the Hitchin map:

Higgs

: Bun,hB→

(25)

Furthermore by construction the bundle with connection

(, ),M

is a Hecke eigen

D−

module with eigen-

value

(, ),E∇

(as the found in [8]) but with respect to an Abelianized version

13Since has been used the Hitchin base (to involve a the torus

, and relate the symplectic form

with

Then the isomorphism given

by the Penrose transform must be (because we want include the Hitchin base to singularities of the field seen these as source

s or holes)

(,)ker( ,),

HMU QΩ ⊗≅∂+L

where

,Q∂+

is the new connection considering the Langlands parameter to regularize the connection

given by the global Langlands category of sheaves

Loc (),

[8] to elements

BRST

,Q∈D

in the Penrose transform problem when we want

obtain the functor (4).

F. Bulnes

159

Higgs Higgs

(1),(2),(2).:D (Bun,)D (Bun,),

Li bb

Abelian

U USOCΦ →×OO

(26)

of Hecke functors. These are defined again for

1, 2, 3,,1,in= −

as integral transforms with respect to the tri-

vial local system on the abelianized Hecke correspondences

G, λ

with

Higgs

Bun ,

and

Higgs

Bun C×

, in the

classic scheme of the double fibration of the integral geometry (Penrose transforms!) on micro-local objects of

these bundles. Their stack moduli is

Higgs

Corolla ry (F. Bulnes) 4.1. An

2−

dimensional

A−

brane model of the electromagnetic carpet is given by

the moduli space

( ,),

Higgs

with

2d−

dimension with

1,d=

and charge

such that

1( ).

Tr AA

ωδδδφ δφ

=∧ −∧

∫

(27)

Proof. Applying [26], and considering the example 4.1, with the moduli space

( ,),

Higgs

GCM

with the hypo-

thesis given for our corollary, the image under the Penrose transform on double fibration in

Higgs

Bun C×

, that is

to say, for example, the cohomological space

( ',22)Hh−TP

, (this formulation is through the integral geome-

try) can establish a 2-dimensional image given as fibration (not vector bundle (mini-twistor surface)) in

CP CP

[5]14. Then the 2-dimensional image of the electromagnetic carpet is the generated by the rotations

and sources such as in the F ig ure 4. 

Figur e 4. Electromagnetic carpet of space-time ob-

tained by quantum electromagnetic waves using the

coefficients

from the energy of the waves to

quantum level [27]. The model is obtained simulating

the waves in the corresponding

(2,) /(1),SL UC

model,

using a two-points function on the torus. Of this way, is

obtained the framework using this orbital space pre-

dicted by the gauge theory. In the carpet (blue surface)

the nodes are states of energy

and lines (or routes)

are the paths framework. The nodes are the singulari-

ties or sources given in the Figure 2.

, is the Riemann sphere

F. Bulnes

160

For other way, the gauge field

can be naturally coupled to sources which are transformed to unitary re-

presentations from

(1) ,

( 2).G SU=

These are electrical sources, since they create a charge like a Cou-

lumb charge of the form

≈

(28)

where

1,a=

and

dim ,G

are generators of

in the representation

from

(1) .

Then if we con-

sider to the space-time

= ×

MR R

with

the distance from the origin in

, and we assume that the

wor ld-line of the source is given for

0,r=

[7], then we can establish that magnetic sources are labeled by ir-

reducible representations of different groups as

(1),(2),(2).U USO

We can establish using a path integral as the given by

exp{( )}ZA IA

= −

∑∫D

(29)

the traces inside the symplectic structure given in (27), and draw the electro-physical carpet of the space-time

with all constitutive sources “charges”. Here

, is the principal

G−

bundle on

where

is the com-

pact component of

. For example, to vector bundle given by

(1) ,

⊕

which is basically the functor

image

()

⊗

ΓL

, (that appeared in the demonstration of the theorem 4.2) necessary to represent the space-time

in their string

4d−

model. Note that in QFT one sums over all isomorphism classes of

It’s necessary the BRST-cohomology and the equivalence between QFT, with a re-interpretation in graph

quantum theory using the string theory with a photon of the class of the boson field as calculated by

()

⊗

Φ∈Γ L

. Joining the paths of this boson floor we obtain the corresponding

Q−

fields to every instanton in

path integral as given by [7]

exp{ }

ZAAA i

= ℑ

∑∑

∫

D DD

(30)

having the tra ns formatio n

exp{ /2},exp{/2}/,exp{}/,

QiQQiQi

ττ

→ −Φ→ −ΦΦ=

(31)

Then the three actions contemplated in (30) are consigned in

(exp{})

QQ i++ Φ

[7].

From the corollary 4.1, and the before discussion with the frame (31) we have the following electromagnetic

carpet and the corresponding their framework.

5. Conclusions

Develop a electromagnetic theory of space-time is equivalent to extend the electromagnetic forces to the gauge

context using the concepts as supersymmetry from the conformality and holonomicity of the electromagnetic

fields always present from the bosonic symmetry generators given from the dualities of the moduli spaces

Flat

(, ),

GCM

and

( ,).

GCM

using their corresponding physical stacks that comes from their connections

with ramifications [8].

Using the hypothesis of that all singularities of the space-time

, are sources in different moduli stacks

(mirror theory) of a Calabi-Yau manifold of the space-time

, corresponding to the superprojective flat spaces

[5,14], we have that in their super-mi ni-twistor spaces the flatness is traduced in superconformality to

these spaces, and their line integrals give the values of the singularities. The singularities co-shape varieties of

different degrees of genus.

The functor given in (17) say us that the equivalences necessaries to comply the dualities established in the

theor em 4.2, must be considering the Harish-Chandra modules that are quasi

−−

equiva r ia nt s

/GH

D−−

modules

such and as must do it on moduli space

, in the level of the functors obtained by the Penrose transform to

the problem of ramification signed in the theo rem 4.2, on geometrical Langlands correspondences and their

corresponding derived category (the Hecke category) given in [8]. Inside of the set of dualities established on

moduli stacks, the

−

dualities (Montonen-Olive duality) are of special attention due to their application in

twisted theory of the different classes that appear when is used the twistor transform inside the Penrose trans-

form, this in frame of the field problem (for example the correspondences between

A−

branes and

D−

branes

[7] or the behavior of the field in different orbits (see Figure 5) to after extend it to all space-time, and of this

F. Bulnes

161

Figure 5. Hyperbolic flat model of the space-time with

one singularity of space (could be one diagram in Fig-

ure 4 or 6) This model is product of two orbital spaces

[17,28], and conform the surface of photon back-reac-

tion in presence of singularity, this visualized as a su-

per-massive particle. This simulation is shaped for com-

plex hyperbolic surface

( ,)(1/1.9)tanh(2/)zxyx y=

[14,

27] . The massive particle corresponds to the sources of

photons and these are their nodes in the Figure 4, cor-

responds to the energy states average given by the path

integrals that connect them. Every node of energy that

appears in the electromagnetic framework is the singu-

larity of the hyperbolic space used by the twistor trans-

form [21], and their neared space to the link-wave in

Feynman diagrams in Figure 6, is the surface that is

showed.

Figure 6. From the way established in the Figure 4, is

obtained the framework using this orbital space pre-

dicted by the gauge theory. In the carpet (blue surface)

the nodes are states of energy

and lines (or ruts) are

the paths framework.

manner to obtain the electromagnetic field carpet that we want. The Theorem 4.2, is the first intent through the

elements and methods of the integral geometry to obtain different geometrical models, considering different

electromagnetic interactions or adding they until to arrive to the curved case, which will can be included consi-

dering the bundle

4.S→

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the TESCHA and the State of Mexico Government for the financial support to this research work.

References

[1] Basto n, R.J. and Eastwood, M.G. (1989) The Penrose Transform. The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New

F. Bulnes

162

York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01942327

[2] Eastwood, M.G. , Penrose, R. a nd Wells, R.O. (1981 ) Cohomology and Massless Fields. Communications in Mathe-

matical Physics, 78, 305-351.

[3] P enr o se, R. (1969) Solutions of the Zero-Rest-Mass Equations. Journal of Mathematical Physics, 10, 38-39.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1664756

[4] Bailey, T. N. and Eastwood, M.G. (1991) Complex Par a-Conformal Manifolds Their Differential Geometry and Twi s-

tor Theory. Forum Mathematicum, 3, 61-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/form.1991.3.61

[5] Bulnes, F. (2013) Penrose Transform on Induced DG/H-Modules and Their Moduli Stacks in the Field Theory. Advan-

ces in Pure Mathematics, 3, 246 -253.

[6] D’Agnol o, A. and Shapira, P. (1996) R ado n -Penrose Transform for D-Modules. Journal of Functional Analysis, 139,

349-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfan.1996.0089

[7] Kapust in, A., Kreu ser, M. and S chlesin ger, K.G. (2009) Homological Mirror Symmetry: New Developments and Pers-

pectives. Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg.

[8] Bulnes, F. (2013) Geometrical Langlands Ramifications and Differential Operators Classification by Coherent D-Mo-

dules in Field Theory. Journal of Mathematics and System Sciences, 3, 491-507.

[9] Kashi wara, M. (1989) Representation Theory and D-Modules on Flag Varieties. Astérisq ue, 173 -17 4 , 55-109.

[10] Helgaso n, S. (1999) The Radon Transform. Birkhauser Boston, Mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-14 63 -0

[11] Marast on i, C. and Tan isaki, T. (2003) Radon Transforms for Quasi-Equivariant D-Modules on Generalized Flag

Manifolds. Differential Geometry and its Applications, 18, 147-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0926-2245(02)00145-6

[12] Maso n, L. and S kinn er , D. (2007) Heterotic Twistor-String Theory. Oxford University.

[13] Gindikin, S. Penrose Transform at Flag Domains . The Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematical

Physics. Boltzmanngasse 9, A-1090, Wien Austria.

[14] Bulnes, F. (2011 ) Cohomology of Moduli Spaces in Differential Operators Classification to the Field Theory (II). Pro-

ceedings of FSDONA-11 (Function Spaces, Differential Operators and Non-linear Analysis), Tabarz Thur, Germany, 1,

001-022.

[15] Kashi wara, M. and Schmid, W. (1994) Quas i-Equivariant D-Modules, Equivariant Derived Category, and Rep resen ta-

tions of Reductive Lie Groups, in Lie Theory and Geometry. Progr. Math., Birkhäuser, Boston, 123, 45 7-488.

[16] Bulnes, F. (20 12 ) Penrose Transform on D-Modules, Moduli Spaces and Field Theory. Advances in Pure Mathematics,

2, 379-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/apm.2012.26057

[17] Bulnes, F. (2013) Orbital Integrals on Reductive Lie Groups and Their Algebras. Intech, Rijeka, Croatia.

http://www.intechopen.com/books/orbital-integrals-on-r edu cti ve-lie-groups-and-the i r -algeb ras/o rb ital-integrals-on-red

uctive-lie-groups-and-their-algebrasB

[18] Ratcliffe, J.G. (2006) Foundations of Hyperbolic Manifolds, Graduate Texts in Mathematics. 2nd Edition, 149, Sprin -

ger-Ver lag, Berlin, New York.

[19] Bulnes, F. (2009) Design of Measurement and Detection Devices of Curvature through of the Synergic Integral Opera-

tors of the Mechanics on Light Waves. ASME, Internal. Proc. Of IMECE, Florida, 91-102.

[20] Antoine, J.P. and Jacques , M. ( 198 4) Class. Quantum Grav., 1, 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/1/5/002

[21] Dunne, E.G. and Eastwood, M. (1990) The Twistor Transform. In: B ailey, T.N. and Baston , R.J., Ed s . , Twistor in

Mathematics and Physics, Cambridge University Press, 110-127.

[22] Bulnes, F. (2006) Doctoral Course of Mathematical Electrodynamics. Internal. Proc. Appliedmath, 2, 398-447.

[23] Ben-z vi, D. and Nadler, D. (2011) The Character Theory of Complex Group.

[24] Mebkhout, Z. (19 77) Local Cohomology of Analytic Spaces. Rubl. RIMS, Kioto, Univ., 12, 247-256.

[25] Hausel , T. and Thaddeus, M. (2003) Mirror Symmetry, Langlands Duality and the Hitchin System. Inventiones Mathe-

maticae., 153, 197-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00222-003-0286 -7

[26] Bershadsky, M., Johansen, A., Sadov, V. and V a fa , C. (1995) Topological Reduction of 4-d SYM to 2-d Sigma Models.

Nuclear Physics B, 448, 166. ht tp:/ /d x. do i.o rg/ 1 0.10 16 / 05 50 -3213(95)00242-K

[27] Weylman , H. (2012 ) Path Integrals for Photons: The Framework for the Electrodynamics Carpet of the Space-T ime.

Journal on Photonics and Spintronics, 1, 21-27.

[28] Bulnes, F. (2012 ) Electromagnetic Gauges and Maxwell Lagrangians Applied to the Determination of Curvature in the

Space-Time and their Applications. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 4, 252-266.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2012.46035