Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon: all six taxonomic kingdoms contain members that can form minerals, and over 60 different minerals have been identified in organisms. Examples include silicates in algae and diatoms, carbonates in invertebrates, and calcium phosphates and carbonates in vertebrates. These minerals often form structural features such as sea shells and the bone in mammals and birds. 

In the present book, twelve typical literatures about biomineralization published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on biomineralization. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in biomineralization as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.